Ji Chao, Hou Da-Wei, Li Fa-Zhi, Bao Guang-Jing, Deng Ai-Ping, Shen Hong-Jun, Sun Hua
College of Public Administration, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
College of Urban and Environment, Yunnan University of Finance and Economics, Kunming 650221, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2020 Mar 8;41(3):1440-1448. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.201908163.
Spatial characteristics analysis of the human health risk posed by heavy metals in cultivated soils is of great significance, with the potential to prevent and control soil pollution, protect human health, provide a basis for risk management, etc. In this paper, a methodological system, including a USEPA health risk assessment model, differentiation and factor detector within a geographical detector, and optimized initial model of rank-size theory, was constructed from a geographical perspective. Taking a city in Jiangsu province as the research object, we obtained the spatial differentiation and relative level of human health risk of Cr, Pb, Hg, and Cd in cultivated land by using the methodological system constructed and SPSS and ArcGIS software. The average concentrations of heavy metals (mg·kg) in the research area were Cr (65.207 mg·kg), Pb (25.486 mg·kg), Cd (0.238 mg·kg), and Hg (0.045 mg·kg), which were lower than the risk control standards for soil contamination of agricultural land in China. The children's non-cancer risk of Cr and Pb and the cancer risk to children and adults of Cr were 2.914385, 1.337503, 4.312679×10, and 8.137130×10, respectively, all of which exceeded the maximum acceptable limit in the research. Meanwhile, the spatial differentiation () of heavy metal health risk was between 0.005523 and 0.204238, which indicated that the high health risk posed by heavy metals should be paid attention to. The health risk rankings () of the children's non-cancer risk of Cr and Pb and the cancer risk of Cr in subregions 1, 2, 3, and 4 approached or exceeded 1, and were higher than in subregions 5, 6, and 7, for which was lower than 0.1. The values indicated than the high health risk is concentrated in the research region. This research has great significance in measuring the health risk of heavy metals in cultivated soil at different scales, and in forming control strategies with local conditions.
耕地土壤重金属对人体健康风险的空间特征分析具有重要意义，对于防控土壤污染、保护人体健康、提供风险管理依据等具有重要作用。本文从地理学角度构建了一个方法体系，包括美国环保署健康风险评估模型、地理探测器中的分异及因子探测器以及位序 - 规模理论优化初始模型。以江苏省某城市为研究对象，利用构建的方法体系以及SPSS和ArcGIS软件，得出了耕地中Cr、Pb、Hg和Cd对人体健康风险的空间分异及相对水平。研究区域重金属平均含量（mg·kg）分别为：Cr（65.207 mg·kg）、Pb（25.486 mg·kg）、Cd（0.238 mg·kg）、Hg（0.045 mg·kg），均低于中国农用地土壤污染风险管控标准。儿童Cr和Pb的非致癌风险以及儿童和成人Cr的致癌风险分别为2.914385、1.337503、4.312679×10和8.137130×10，均超过了研究中的最大可接受限值。同时，重金属健康风险的空间分异（）在0.005523至0.204238之间，表明应关注重金属带来的高健康风险。1、2、3和4子区域儿童Cr和Pb的非致癌风险以及Cr的致癌风险的健康风险排序（）接近或超过1，高于5、6和7子区域，其低于0.1。值表明高健康风险集中在研究区域。本研究对于衡量不同尺度耕地土壤重金属健康风险以及形成因地制宜的管控策略具有重要意义。
