Li Bei-Bei, Huang Yu-Hu, Bi Xiao-Hui, Liu Li-Yang, Qin Jian-Ping
National Engineering Research Center of Urban Environmental Pollution Control, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Protection, Beijing 100037, China.
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2020 Jun 8;41(6):2609-2616. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.201908243.
Soil wind erosion dust is one of the primary sources of fine particulate matter (PM). Compared with the fugitive dust emission inventory of typical domestic provinces and cities, we found that the maximum among the contribution rates of soil wind erosion dust to the local total fugitive dust PM emission inventory was about 4 orders of magnitude higher than the minimum. This study provided a wind erosion equation and a determination method of parameter values. The remote sensing interpretation, China soil dataset, and meteorological data of each district in Beijing were used to achieve the spatial distribution of the vegetation coverage factor (), soil erodibility index (), and climatic factors () in the plain area of Beijing. This study also estimated the emission factor of soil wind erosion dust and its spatial distribution. The main conclusions are as follows: ① Taking 2017 and Beijing city as an example, it was found that the climatic factor () was underestimated to different extents by domestic scholars, and PM emission factors were overestimated or underestimated. ② , and showed apparent spatial differences and the average values of them were 0.63±0.09, 188±73, and 0.029±0.009, respectively. The maximum values of , and were 1.5, 2.1, and 4.5 times the minimum among all districts, respectively. ③ The PM emission factor of soil wind erosion dust in Beijing showed a high spatial distribution in the northwest and southeast. The average emission factor of the city was (0.0018±0.0008) t·(hm·a), which is 0.54 times the highest emission factor (Xicheng District) and 3.12 times the lowest (Pinggu District). The area proportions of standardized emission factors with higher intensity (0.6 to 0.8] and high intensity (0.8 to 1.0] was 0.72% and 0.04%, respectively.
土壤风蚀尘是细颗粒物（PM）的主要来源之一。与国内典型省市的扬尘排放清单相比，我们发现土壤风蚀尘对当地扬尘PM排放清单的贡献率最大值比最小值高约4个数量级。本研究提供了一个风蚀方程和参数值的确定方法。利用北京各区县的遥感解译、中国土壤数据集和气象数据，实现了北京平原地区植被覆盖因子（）、土壤可蚀性指数（）和气候因子（）的空间分布。本研究还估算了土壤风蚀尘的排放因子及其空间分布。主要结论如下：① 以2017年和北京市为例，发现国内学者对气候因子（）存在不同程度的低估，对PM排放因子存在高估或低估的情况。② ，和呈现出明显的空间差异，它们的平均值分别为0.63±0.09、188±73和0.029±0.009。在所有区县中，，和的最大值分别是最小值的1.5倍、2.1倍和4.5倍。③ 北京土壤风蚀尘的PM排放因子在西北和东南呈现出高值空间分布。全市平均排放因子为（0.0018±0.0008）t·(hm·a)，是最高排放因子（西城区）的0.54倍，是最低排放因子（平谷区）的3.12倍。强度较高（0.6至0.8]和高强度（0.8至1.0]的标准化排放因子的面积比例分别为0.72%和0.04%。
