Spatiotemporal variation in soil degradation and economic damage caused by wind erosion in Northwest China.

Wind erosion causes significant dust emissions in northwest China, resulting in large amounts of soil organic matter and nutrient losses. It has a significant impact on air quality, climate change, vegetation growth, and economic growth at the regional scale. In this work, the Weather Research Forecasting with Chemistry atmospheric chemical transport model was used to simulate the temporal and spatial processes of dust emissions in northwest China from 1980 to 2015. The temporal and spatial variation characteristics of the loss of soil organic matter and nutrients (total nitrogen and total phosphorus) due to dust emissions, and the economic damage from wind erosion, were simulated and calculated. Spatial patterns of soil organic matter and nutrient losses are consistent with dust emission rates across the research region. The average annual dust emissions were approximately 65.17 million tons, with losses of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus resulting from dust emissions of 531,494 tons, 30,754 tons, and 37,095 tons, respectively. In addition, the average annual economic loss caused by wind erosion was 309.25 million yuan in northwest China during the entire study period. This research is valuable for understanding the role of wind erosion on the carbon and nutrient cycles and the mechanism of soil degradation in northwest China and estimating the economic impacts of wind erosion.