Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Bei-Hu Branch, Taipei, Taiwan.
Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, 121609, Moscow, Russia.
Semin Cancer Biol. 2021 May;70:85-97. doi: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.06.017. Epub 2020 Jun 28.
Human gut microbiota is a dynamic and variable system that can change over time and in response to different diets and treatments. There is currently no doubt that gut microbiota can provide interesting therapeutic opportunities, since it can metabolize biologically active molecules, drugs, and their precursors, and control their bioavailability. Moreover, it can produce both beneficial and dangerous metabolites that influence host's health. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the involvement of gut microbiota in two chronic human pathologies that represent the greatest challenges of modern medicine: atherosclerosis and cancer. Interesting parallels are observed between the mechanisms and possible treatment approaches of these pathologies. Some of the common effects of therapeutic agents targeting both pathologies, such as anti-inflammatory activity, are partially mediated by the gut microbiota. We will discuss the effects of common drugs (metformin, statins and aspirin) and various nutraceuticals on gut microbiota and outline the pathways of microbial involvement in mediating the pleiotropic beneficial effects of these agents in atherosclerosis and cancer.
人类肠道微生物群是一个动态和可变的系统，它可以随着时间的推移以及不同的饮食和治疗而发生变化。目前毫无疑问的是，肠道微生物群可以提供有趣的治疗机会，因为它可以代谢具有生物活性的分子、药物及其前体，并控制它们的生物利用度。此外，它还可以产生有益和危险的代谢物，影响宿主的健康。在这篇综述中，我们总结了肠道微生物群在两种代表现代医学最大挑战的慢性人类疾病中的作用的最新知识：动脉粥样硬化和癌症。在这些疾病的机制和可能的治疗方法之间观察到有趣的相似之处。一些针对这两种疾病的治疗药物的共同作用，如抗炎活性，部分是通过肠道微生物群介导的。我们将讨论常见药物（二甲双胍、他汀类药物和阿司匹林）和各种营养保健品对肠道微生物群的影响，并概述微生物参与调节这些药物在动脉粥样硬化和癌症中的多效有益作用的途径。
