Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Postepu 36A Street, 05-552 Jastrzebiec, Poland.
Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Pawinskiego 5A Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
Molecules. 2020 Jan 29;25(3):594. doi: 10.3390/molecules25030594.
Gut microbiota metabolites have a great influence on host digestive function and body health itself. The effects of intestinal microbes on the host metabolism and nutrients absorption are mainly due to regulatory mechanisms related to serotonin, cytokines, and metabolites. Multiple studies have repeatedly reported that the gut microbiota plays a fundamental role in the absorption of bioactive compounds by converting dietary polyphenols into absorbable bioactive substances. Moreover, some intestinal metabolites derived from natural polyphenol products have more biological activities than their own fundamental biological functions. Bioactive like polyphenolic compounds, prebiotics and probiotics are the best known dietary strategies for regulating the composition of gut microbial populations or metabolic/immunological activities, which are called "three "p" for gut health". Intestinal microbial metabolites have an indirect effect on atherosclerosis, by regulating lipid metabolism and inflammation. It has been found that the diversity of intestinal microbiota negatively correlates with the development of atherosclerosis. The fewer the variation and number of microbial species in the gut, the higher the risk of developing atherosclerosis. Therefore, the atherosclerosis can be prevented and treated from the perspective of improving the number and variability of gut microbiota. In here, we summarize the effects of gut metabolites of natural products on the pathological process of the atherosclerosis, since gut intestinal metabolites not only have an indirect effect on macrophage foaming in the vessel wall, but also have a direct effect on vascular endothelial cells.
肠道微生物代谢物对宿主消化功能和身体健康本身有很大的影响。肠道微生物对宿主代谢和营养吸收的影响主要是由于与血清素、细胞因子和代谢物相关的调节机制。多项研究反复报告称，肠道微生物在通过将膳食多酚转化为可吸收的生物活性物质来吸收生物活性化合物方面发挥着基础性作用。此外，一些源自天然多酚产品的肠道代谢物具有比其自身基本生物功能更多的生物学活性。生物活性如多酚类化合物、益生元和益生菌是调节肠道微生物种群组成或代谢/免疫活性的最知名的饮食策略，被称为“肠道健康的三个“p””。肠道微生物代谢物通过调节脂质代谢和炎症对动脉粥样硬化有间接影响。已经发现，肠道微生物群的多样性与动脉粥样硬化的发展呈负相关。肠道中微生物种类的变化和数量越少，患动脉粥样硬化的风险就越高。因此，可以从改善肠道微生物数量和可变性的角度预防和治疗动脉粥样硬化。在这里，我们总结了天然产物肠道代谢物对动脉粥样硬化病理过程的影响，因为肠道肠道代谢物不仅对血管壁中的巨噬细胞泡沫化有间接影响，而且对血管内皮细胞也有直接影响。
