Karki Utkarsh, Sravanti Lakshmi, Jacob Preeti, Sharma Eesha, Kommu John Vijay Sagar, Seshadri Shekhar P
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
Indian J Psychol Med. 2020 Apr 25;42(3):262-267. doi: 10.4103/IJPSYM.IJPSYM_324_19. eCollection 2020 May-Jun.
Tic disorders (TDs) are common neurodevelopmental disorders in children and adolescents. To date, there is very scant literature on TDs in children and adolescents in the Indian setting.
The objectives of this study were to characterize the clinical profile, including comorbidities and pattern of medication use in the treatment of TDs, in children and adolescents.
The present study is a retrospective chart review of children and adolescents up to age 18 years diagnosed with TD in a tertiary care center in India. Data were derived from case records of patients with a diagnosis of TD, coded as 95 according to ICD 10, from 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2017.
We recruited 85 subjects. The majority (95.29%, = 81) of them were male, and the mean age of onset was 8.4 years. Chronic tic disorder was the most common subtype, followed by Tourette syndrome and provisional or transient tic disorder. Eighty patients (94%) had a comorbid disorder, with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder being the most common, followed by obsessive compulsive disorder. Eighty-two percent of patients received pharmacotherapy. Risperidone was the most frequently used medication, followed by clonidine, haloperidol, and aripiprazole. Moderate to significant improvement with medications was seen in 88% of the patients.
The present study of children and adolescents with TDs highlights very high rate of comorbidity and a favorable short-term course with medication use.
抽动障碍（TDs）是儿童和青少年常见的神经发育障碍。迄今为止，关于印度儿童和青少年抽动障碍的文献非常少。
本研究的目的是描述儿童和青少年抽动障碍的临床特征，包括合并症和治疗抽动障碍的用药模式。
本研究是对印度一家三级医疗中心诊断为抽动障碍的18岁以下儿童和青少年进行的回顾性病历审查。数据来自2014年1月1日至2017年12月31日诊断为抽动障碍（根据国际疾病分类第10版编码为95）的患者病历。
我们招募了85名受试者。其中大多数（95.29%，n = 81）为男性，平均发病年龄为8.4岁。慢性抽动障碍是最常见的亚型，其次是图雷特综合征和暂时性或短暂性抽动障碍。80名患者（94%）有合并症，注意缺陷多动障碍最为常见，其次是强迫症。82%的患者接受了药物治疗。利培酮是最常用的药物，其次是可乐定、氟哌啶醇和阿立哌唑。88%的患者用药后有中度至显著改善。
本研究对患有抽动障碍的儿童和青少年的研究突出了合并症的高发生率以及药物治疗的良好短期效果。
