University of Rome La Sapienza - Department of Chemistry (S. Cannizzaro Building), Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
INAIL - Italian Workers Compensation Authority - Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Via di Fontana Candida 1, 00078 Monte Porzio Catone, Rome, Italy.
G Ital Med Lav Ergon. 2020 Jun;42(2):109-120.
Antineoplastic drugs are used to treat cancer, having their therapeutic effect by inhibiting the cell division process. Although cancer cells, due to their rapid growth, are more sensitive to the toxic effects of chemotherapeutic agents, healthy cells and tissues may also be damaged. Many studies show acute and chronic toxicity both in patients treated with chemotherapy and in exposed workers. In fact, exposure to these substances can also be linked to the formation of different types of secondary tumors. The International Agency on Research on Cancer (IARC) included some antineplastic drugs in Group 1 (carcinogenic to humans), in Group 2A (probable carcinogens for In recent years, many studies have evidenced the presence of antineoplastic drug contamination on work surfaces, materials and floors and based on these observations, international and national guidelines have been published to limit occupational exposure, with particular attention to procedures post-preparation of chemotherapy to limit as much as possible the accumulation of contaminated residues. The aim of the following study is to determine the effectiveness of the degradation of four antineoplastic drugs: 5-fluorouracil, azacitidine, cytarabine and irinotecan using a low concentration of sodium hypochlorite solution (0.115%). The analytical platform used to monitor the degradation course of the substances under examination was hydrogen nuclear magnetic spectroscopy (1H NMR). In the same experimental conditions the effectiveness of the degradation of the same antineoplastic drugs with a 99.9% ethanol solution was also evaluated. The study showed that the best degradation efficiency (> 90% ) is obtained with the hypochlorite solution after 15 minutes.
抗肿瘤药物用于治疗癌症，通过抑制细胞分裂过程发挥治疗作用。虽然癌细胞由于快速生长，对化疗药物的毒性作用更敏感，但健康细胞和组织也可能受到损伤。许多研究表明，接受化疗治疗的患者和接触这些物质的工人都存在急性和慢性毒性。事实上，接触这些物质也可能与形成不同类型的继发性肿瘤有关。国际癌症研究机构（IARC）将一些抗肿瘤药物列入第 1 组（对人类致癌），第 2A 组（对人类可能致癌）。近年来，许多研究表明工作表面、材料和地板上存在抗肿瘤药物污染，基于这些观察结果，已经发布了国际和国家标准指南，以限制职业接触，特别注意化疗前准备程序，以尽量减少污染残留的积累。本研究旨在确定使用低浓度次氯酸钠溶液（0.115%）降解四种抗肿瘤药物：5-氟尿嘧啶、阿扎胞苷、阿糖胞苷和伊立替康的效果。用于监测被检查物质降解过程的分析平台是氢核磁共振光谱（1H NMR）。在相同的实验条件下，还评估了 99.9%乙醇溶液对相同抗肿瘤药物的降解效果。研究表明，次氯酸钠溶液在 15 分钟后获得最佳的降解效率（>90%）。
