Research Team for Social Participation and Community Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi, Japan.
Faculty of Human Welfare, Seigakuin University, Ageo, Japan.
Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2020 Aug;20(8):745-751. doi: 10.1111/ggi.13941. Epub 2020 Jul 3.
The health benefits of paid employment in late life are understood, but they might vary according to work motives. We examined the health effects of employment among older adults, focusing on motivation.
We carried out a 2-year longitudinal survey from 2013 (baseline) to 2015 (follow up). Among 7608 older adults, the analysis included 1069 who completed both surveys and were employed at baseline. Work motives were assessed using a questionnaire. Participants were assigned to groups based on their responses: (i) financial reasons; (ii) motivation other than financial reasons; and (iii) both financial and non-financial reasons. Self-rated health, mental health and higher-level functional capacity were evaluated as health outcomes.
There were group differences in baseline demographic variables and health status; those with financial reasons had lower socioeconomic status and worse mental health. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that compared with older workers with non-financial reasons, those with financial reasons were more likely to decline in self-rated health (OR 1.42; 95% CI 1.00-2.03) and higher-level functional capacity (OR 1.55; 95% CI 1.16-2.07), which was independent of potential covariates, including socioeconomic status. However, no differences were evident between those with only non-financial reasons and those having both financial and non-financial reasons.
We found that the participants who worked only for financial rewards had reduced health benefits through working in old age. A prolonged working life among older workers can contribute to maintaining health and can be enhanced by non-financial reasons, such as finding meaning in life and social contact. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20: 745-751.
人们已经认识到晚年有偿就业对健康的好处，但这些好处可能因工作动机而异。我们研究了老年人群体中就业对健康的影响，重点关注动机。
我们进行了一项为期 2 年的纵向研究，时间跨度为 2013 年（基线）至 2015 年（随访）。在 7608 名老年人中，分析包括了在基线调查时完成了两次调查且正在工作的 1069 人。使用问卷评估工作动机。根据他们的回答将参与者分为三组：（i）经济原因；（ii）非经济原因；（iii）经济和非经济原因。自我评估健康、心理健康和更高水平的功能能力作为健康结果进行评估。
在基线人口统计学变量和健康状况方面存在组间差异；有经济原因的人社会经济地位较低，心理健康状况较差。多变量逻辑回归分析表明，与有非经济原因的老年工作者相比，有经济原因的人自我评估健康状况下降的可能性更高（OR 1.42；95%CI 1.00-2.03）和更高水平的功能能力（OR 1.55；95%CI 1.16-2.07），这独立于潜在的协变量，包括社会经济地位。然而，仅具有非经济原因的人与同时具有经济和非经济原因的人之间没有差异。
我们发现，仅为经济回报而工作的参与者在老年时通过工作获得的健康益处减少。老年工人延长工作寿命可以促进健康，通过寻找生活意义和社会联系等非经济原因可以增强这种效果。
