Applied Limnology Professionals, Golden, Colorado, USA.
NiPERA, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Environ Toxicol Chem. 2020 Oct;39(10):1861-1883. doi: 10.1002/etc.4812. Epub 2020 Aug 25.
We reviewed the literature on toxicity of nanoparticulate nickel (nano-Ni) to aquatic organisms, from the perspective of relevance and reliability in a regulatory framework. Our main findings were 1) much of the published nano-Ni toxicity data is of low or medium quality in terms of reporting key physical-chemical properties, methodologies, and results, compared with published dissolved nickel studies; and 2) based on the available information, some common findings about nanoparticle (NP) toxicity are not supported for nano-Ni. First, we concluded that nanoparticulate elemental nickel and nickel oxide, which differ in chemical composition, generally did not differ in their toxicity. Second, there is no evidence that the toxicity of nano-Ni increases as the size of the NPs decreases. Third, for most organisms tested, nano-Ni was not more toxic on a mass-concentration basis than dissolved Ni. Fourth, there is conflicting evidence about whether the toxicity is directly caused by the NPs or by the dissolved fraction released from the NPs. However, no evidence suggests that any of the molecular, physiological, and structural mechanisms of nano-Ni toxicity differ from the general pattern for many metal-based nanomaterials, wherein oxidative stress underlies the observed effects. Physical-chemical factors in the design and conduct of nano-Ni toxicity tests are important, but often they are not adequately reported (e.g., characteristics of dry nano-Ni particles and of wetted particles in exposure waters; exposure-water chemistry). Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:1861-1883 © 2020 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
我们从相关性和可靠性的角度审查了有关纳米颗粒镍（纳米 Ni）对水生生物的毒性的文献，这是在监管框架内进行的。我们的主要发现是：1）与已发表的溶解镍研究相比，发表的纳米 Ni 毒性数据在报告关键物理化学特性、方法和结果方面，很多属于低质量或中等质量；2）根据现有信息，一些关于纳米颗粒（NP）毒性的常见发现并不支持纳米 Ni。首先，我们得出结论，化学组成不同的纳米元素镍和氧化镍通常在毒性上没有差异。其次，没有证据表明纳米 Ni 的毒性随 NPs 尺寸的减小而增加。第三，对于大多数测试的生物，纳米 Ni 的毒性在质量浓度基础上并不比溶解 Ni 更高。第四，关于纳米 Ni 的毒性是直接由 NPs 引起还是由 NPs 释放的溶解部分引起，存在相互矛盾的证据。然而，没有证据表明纳米 Ni 毒性的任何分子、生理和结构机制与许多基于金属的纳米材料的一般模式不同，在这种模式中，氧化应激是观察到的效应的基础。在纳米 Ni 毒性测试的设计和进行中，物理化学因素很重要，但它们通常没有得到充分报告（例如，干燥纳米 Ni 颗粒和暴露水中润湿颗粒的特性；暴露水化学）。Environ Toxicol Chem 2020；39：1861-1883 © 2020 作者。环境毒理化学由 Wiley Periodicals LLC 代表 SETAC 出版。
