Parasitology Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, 731235, West Bengal, India.
Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, 731235, West Bengal, India.
Mol Biochem Parasitol. 2020 Jul;238:111297. doi: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2020.111297. Epub 2020 Jun 30.
Like mammalian cells, helminth parasites are equipped with an array of enzymatic anti-oxidant system which has an adaptive strategy to cope up with several conditions of stress that arise from host immune response or drug treatment. Earlier, we had reported that three species of Senna, viz. S. alata, S. alexandrina and S. occidentalis leaf extracts caused severe morphological and biochemical alterations in the zoonotic parasite Hymenolepis diminuta. To understand whether the leaf extracts of the three species of Senna have any effect on the enzymatic anti-oxidant system in H.diminuta or not, the present study was investigated on the mechanism of action of these leaf extracts on the anti-oxidant system of the parasite. The viability of the parasite was assessed by MTT reduction assay, chromatin condensation through Hoechst staining of tissue and DNA fragmentation assay, and the oxidative enzymes of the parasite were estimated biochemically. Activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione S- transferase and glutathione peroxidase were found to be increased in all the treated parasites from that of the control, with S. alata showed the highest increased amongst the three plant species in all the enzymes, at 331.0 %, 215.4 %, 85.4 % and 65.5 % respectively. Upliftment of apoptotic protein CED-3, CED-4 and EGL-1 and down regulation of anti-apototic protein CED-9 was visualised in all treated paraites. The redox imbalance triggered by these leaf extracts resulted in the activation of apoptotic pathway that led to death of the parasite. Our results demonstrated that the leaf extracts of the three Senna plant species could open new insight for an affordable natural anthelmintic with high efficacy and less toxicity.
与哺乳动物细胞一样，寄生虫也配备了一系列的抗氧化酶系统，该系统具有适应性策略，可以应对来自宿主免疫反应或药物治疗的多种应激条件。早期，我们曾报道过三种番泻叶，即 S. alata、S. alexandrina 和 S. occidentalis 的叶提取物会导致人畜共患寄生虫 Hymenolepis diminuta 发生严重的形态和生化改变。为了了解这三种番泻叶的叶提取物是否对 H.diminuta 的抗氧化酶系统有任何影响，本研究探讨了这些叶提取物对寄生虫抗氧化系统的作用机制。通过 MTT 还原测定法评估寄生虫的活力，通过组织 Hoechst 染色检测染色质凝聚，通过 DNA 片段化测定法评估 DNA 断裂，通过生化方法评估寄生虫的氧化酶。发现所有处理过的寄生虫中的超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、谷胱甘肽 S-转移酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的活性均高于对照，其中 S. alata 在所有三种植物中均表现出最高的活性，分别为 331.0%、215.4%、85.4%和 65.5%。在所有处理过的寄生虫中，凋亡蛋白 CED-3、CED-4 和 EGL-1 的表达增加，抗凋亡蛋白 CED-9 的表达下调。这些叶提取物引起的氧化还原失衡导致凋亡途径的激活，从而导致寄生虫死亡。我们的研究结果表明，三种番泻叶植物的叶提取物可能为开发高效低毒的负担得起的天然驱虫药提供新的思路。
