Mentally retarded persons in the People's Republic of China: review of epidemiological studies and services.

Prevalence rates of mental retardation from several regions of China were examined. Before 1980, prevalence, assessed clinically, referred exclusively to moderate and severe cases; since 1980, psychometric instruments have been used. Recent surveys in urban and rural areas show rates similar to those in Western countries, but the rates are much higher in minority regions (small racial groups in a nation). Since the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, appropriate medical and educational facilities have expanded and now include special classes and schools for retarded children, but some needs have not been addressed. The Department of Health, Education and Civil Affairs together with community organizations are developing prevention, treatment, rehabilitation, and research programs.