Li A L, Li L M, Qian Y P
School of Public Health, Beijing Medical University.
Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 1994 Sep;28(5):284-6.
Analysis of the data collected from national sampling survey of the mental retarded in 1987 showed: (1) prevalence of mental retardation in China was 12.68/1,000, (2) its causes mainly included hereditary diseases, cerebral diseases, malnutrition, pregnant infection and birth trauma for children and senile dementia for the elderly aged 60 or over, (3) severe mental retardation was mainly caused by cerebral diseases and developmental deformity in the country, and (4) the causes for 40.1% of the mental retarded persons remained unknown. Based on the researches at home and abroad, a series of major preventive measures for mental retardation have been put forward, they included: (1) to promote better birth and better rearing, vaccination, proper nutrition for pregnant mothers and infants, and safety education as focuses in primary prevention, (2) to detect early and timely treat cerebral diseases and nutritional deficiency, to strengthen antenatal diagnosis and early screening for inborn metabolic diseases as secondary prevention, and (3) to strengthen education, behavioral training and psychological rehabilitation, and to provide community-based rehabilitation service for the mental retarded as tertiary prevention.
对1987年全国精神发育迟滞抽样调查所收集数据的分析表明：（1）中国精神发育迟滞的患病率为12.68‰；（2）其病因主要包括遗传性疾病、脑部疾病、营养不良、孕期感染及儿童期出生创伤以及60岁及以上老年人的老年痴呆症；（3）在国内，重度精神发育迟滞主要由脑部疾病和发育畸形所致；（4）40.1%的精神发育迟滞患者病因不明。基于国内外研究，已提出了一系列针对精神发育迟滞的主要预防措施，包括：（1）提倡优生优育，以预防接种、孕妇及婴儿合理营养、安全教育作为一级预防重点；（2）早期发现并及时治疗脑部疾病和营养缺乏症，加强产前诊断及先天性代谢疾病的早期筛查作为二级预防；（3）加强教育、行为训练及心理康复，并为精神发育迟滞患者提供社区康复服务作为三级预防。
