Department of Immunology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain.
CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.
Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2021 Jan;32(1):51-59. doi: 10.1111/pai.13317. Epub 2020 Jul 23.
Recurrent wheezing (RW) is frequently developed in infants that have suffered bronchiolitis (BCH) during first months of life, but the immune mechanism underlying is not clear. The goal was to analyze the innate immune response that characterizes BCH and RW.
Ninety-eight and seventy hospitalized infants with BCH or RW diagnosis, respectively, were included. Nasopharyngeal aspirate (NPA) was processed. Cellular pellet was employed to evaluate type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) by flow cytometry and mRNA expression assays by semi-quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). In supernatant, twenty-seven pro-inflammatory and immunomodulatory factors, as well as lipid mediators and nitrites, were evaluated by ELISA and Luminex.
Bronchiolitis patients showed higher ILC2 percentage compared with RW (P < .05). Also, ST2 /ILC2 percentage was higher in the BCH group than in the RW group (P < .01). TLR3, IL33, IFNG, IL10, and FLG mRNA levels were significantly increased in BCH vs RW (P < .05). In supernatant, no significant differences were reached, observing similar levels of parameters linked to vascular damage, monocyte activation, and fibroblast growth. Prostaglandin E2 and cysteinyl leukotrienes C4 were evaluated; a significant difference was only found in their ratio.
Bronchiolitis is associated with elevated nasal percentage of ILC2. This cellular population could be the key element in the differential immune response between BCH and RW which share some mechanisms such us monocyte activation, vascular damage, and fibroblast repair. Lipid mediators could play a role in the evolution of the disease later in life through innate lymphoid cells.
患有毛细支气管炎（BCH）的婴儿在生命的头几个月经常会出现反复喘息（RW），但其潜在的免疫机制尚不清楚。本研究旨在分析导致毛细支气管炎和反复喘息的固有免疫反应。
分别纳入 98 例和 70 例患有毛细支气管炎或反复喘息的住院婴儿。处理鼻咽抽吸物（NPA）。采用流式细胞术和半定量实时 PCR（qRT-PCR）评估细胞沉淀中 2 型固有淋巴细胞（ILC2）的 mRNA 表达。通过 ELISA 和 Luminex 评估上清液中 27 种促炎和免疫调节因子以及脂质介质和亚硝酸盐。
与 RW 相比，毛细支气管炎患者的 ILC2 百分比更高（P <.05）。此外，BCH 组 ST2/ILC2 百分比高于 RW 组（P <.01）。与 RW 相比，BCH 组 TLR3、IL33、IFNG、IL10 和 FLG 的 mRNA 水平显著升高（P <.05）。在细胞上清液中，观察到与血管损伤、单核细胞激活和成纤维细胞生长相关的参数水平没有显著差异。评估了前列腺素 E2 和半胱氨酰白三烯 C4，仅发现它们的比值存在显著差异。
毛细支气管炎与鼻内固有淋巴细胞（ILC2）比例升高有关。这种细胞群可能是毛细支气管炎和反复喘息之间免疫反应差异的关键因素，两者具有一些共同的机制，如单核细胞激活、血管损伤和成纤维细胞修复。脂类介质可能通过固有淋巴细胞在生命后期的疾病演变中发挥作用。
