Metabolite Profiling of Javanese Ginger and Identification of Antiseizure Metabolites via a Low-Cost Open-Source Zebrafish Bioassay-Guided Isolation.

The rhizomes of "Bangle", were investigated for its antiseizure properties using a streamlined and cost-effective zebrafish screening strategy and a mouse epilepsy assay. Its hexane extract demonstrated strong antiseizure activity in zebrafish epilepsy assay and was, therefore, selected for bioactivity-guided fractionation. Twelve compounds (-) were isolated, and two bioactive phenylbutenoids, - () and -banglene (), reduced up to 70% of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures. These compounds showed moderate activity against PTZ-induced seizures in a mouse epilepsy assay. To understand the specificity of active compounds, its chemical profile was compared to that of . Their composition was assessed by differential metabolite profiling visualized by a molecular network, which revealed only vanillin derivatives and terpenoids as common metabolites and gave a comprehensive view of composition. This study demonstrates the efficacy of a streamlined zebrafish epilepsy assay, which is therefore suitable for routine screening in phytochemistry laboratories.