Department of MCD Biology, UC Santa Cruz, California 95064
Laboratory of Gene Expression, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan, and
Genetics. 2020 Jul;215(3):531-568. doi: 10.1534/genetics.119.301807.
While DNA serves as the blueprint of life, the distinct functions of each cell are determined by the dynamic expression of genes from the static genome. The amount and specific sequences of RNAs expressed in a given cell involves a number of regulated processes including RNA synthesis (transcription), processing, splicing, modification, polyadenylation, stability, translation, and degradation. As errors during mRNA production can create gene products that are deleterious to the organism, quality control mechanisms exist to survey and remove errors in mRNA expression and processing. Here, we will provide an overview of mRNA processing and quality control mechanisms that occur in , with a focus on those that occur on protein-coding genes after transcription initiation. In addition, we will describe the genetic and technical approaches that have allowed studies in to reveal important mechanistic insight into these processes.
虽然 DNA 是生命的蓝图，但每个细胞的独特功能是由静态基因组中基因的动态表达决定的。特定细胞中表达的 RNA 的数量和特定序列涉及许多调节过程，包括 RNA 合成（转录）、加工、剪接、修饰、多聚腺苷酸化、稳定性、翻译和降解。由于 mRNA 产生过程中的错误会产生对生物体有害的基因产物，因此存在质量控制机制来检测和去除 mRNA 表达和加工中的错误。在这里，我们将概述 中发生的 mRNA 加工和质量控制机制，重点介绍转录起始后发生在蛋白质编码基因上的那些机制。此外，我们将描述遗传和技术方法，这些方法使 中的研究能够深入了解这些过程的重要机制。
