Institute for Research on Population and Social Policies of the National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IRPPS), Rome, Italy.
Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2020 Jun;24(12):7155-7163. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_202006_21711.
Social distancing is crucial in order to flatten the curve of COVID-19 virus spreading. Isolation, scarcity of resources and the lack of social contacts may have produced a negative impact on people's emotions and psychological well-being. This study aims to explore the reasons and the ways through which social distancing generates negative emotions in individuals who experienced the lockdown. To a larger extent, the objective is to check the existence of relations between negative emotions and the satisfaction of basic needs.
In Italy 140,656 online interviews were collected from March 22 to April 2, 2020. Data analysis was carried out using mono and bivariate statistical analysis, K-means clustering and the Principal Components Analysis (PCA). The parameters for the identification of six clusters were: the intensity of the respondent's basic emotions and the layers of Maslow's hierarchy of needs.
The majority of people involved in an emergency situation, implying a collapse of social contacts, experience some kind of emotional reactions. In our study, we found a correlation between basic emotions and Maslow's hierarchy of needs. In times of crisis, the most basic needs are the physiological ones. Fear, anger and sadness are predominant in all population groups; anger and disgust mainly appear when people are exposed to the risk of not being able to meet subsistence needs, thus perceiving a lack of economic security.
The well-known Maslow's theory of human needs seems to fit well with the outbreak of negative emotions in the context of COVID-19. This study demonstrates the existence of links between negative emotions and primary needs that mainly refer to the first three levels of Maslow's pyramid. As a result of COVID-19 worldwide pandemic, many people have been sucked into the bottom layers of the pyramid. This change in individual basic needs has triggered a relevant transformation in individual emotional status and a shift towards negative emotions.
社交隔离对于减缓 COVID-19 病毒传播至关重要。隔离、资源匮乏和缺乏社交接触可能对人们的情绪和心理健康产生负面影响。本研究旨在探讨社交隔离如何在经历封锁的个体中产生负面情绪的原因和方式。在更大程度上，本研究旨在检查负面情绪与基本需求满足之间的关系是否存在。
2020 年 3 月 22 日至 4 月 2 日，在意大利共收集了 140656 份在线访谈。使用单变量和双变量统计分析、K-均值聚类和主成分分析（PCA）进行数据分析。确定六个聚类的参数为：受访者基本情绪的强度和马斯洛需求层次的层次。
大多数涉及社会接触崩溃的紧急情况的人都会经历某种情绪反应。在我们的研究中，我们发现基本情绪与马斯洛需求层次之间存在相关性。在危机时期，最基本的需求是生理需求。恐惧、愤怒和悲伤在所有人群中都占主导地位；当人们面临无法满足生存需求的风险，从而感到经济安全缺乏时，愤怒和厌恶感主要出现。
著名的马斯洛人类需求理论似乎非常适合 COVID-19 背景下负面情绪的爆发。本研究表明，负面情绪与主要需求之间存在联系，主要涉及马斯洛金字塔的前三个层次。由于全球 COVID-19 大流行，许多人已经陷入金字塔的底层。个人基本需求的这种变化引发了个人情绪状态的相关转变和负面情绪的转变。
