Faculty of Health and Social Care, 6249Edge Hill University, UK.
J Child Health Care. 2021 Sep;25(3):342-367. doi: 10.1177/1367493520937152. Epub 2020 Jul 7.
Physical restraint is regularly used in children and adolescent mental health care, often as a reactive behaviour management strategy. Physical restraint has been associated with physical injury, but psychological consequences are poorly understood. The aim of this systematic review was to examine physical restraint of children and adolescents in inpatient mental healthcare services. Healthcare databases were searched to identify English language publications discussing anyone aged ≤18 years who had experienced physical restraint as a mental health inpatient. No date restrictions were applied. Sixteen quantitative studies are included within this review. Most studies are retrospective in nature. Publications were appraised using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme quality assessment tool. Common characteristics associated with children and adolescents who experience physical restraint include age, gender, diagnosis, and history. Most studies associate physical restraint with the management of aggression. Findings suggest that it may be a combination of patient (intrinsic) and environmental (extrinsic) factors which ultimately lead to children and adolescents experiencing restraint. This review confirms that little is known about children and adolescents' first-hand experiences of physical restraint. Future research should address children and adolescents' perceptions and first-hand experiences of physical restraint.
身体约束在儿童和青少年心理健康护理中经常被使用，通常作为一种反应性的行为管理策略。身体约束与身体伤害有关，但心理后果知之甚少。本系统综述的目的是研究住院精神卫生保健服务中对儿童和青少年的身体约束。对医疗保健数据库进行了检索，以确定讨论任何年龄≤18 岁的人作为精神科住院患者经历过身体约束的英文出版物。未应用日期限制。本综述包括 16 项定量研究。大多数研究具有回顾性。使用批判性评估技能计划质量评估工具对出版物进行评估。与经历身体约束的儿童和青少年相关的常见特征包括年龄、性别、诊断和病史。大多数研究将身体约束与攻击性的管理联系起来。研究结果表明，可能是患者（内在）和环境（外在）因素的结合最终导致儿童和青少年经历约束。本综述证实，对于儿童和青少年对身体约束的第一手体验知之甚少。未来的研究应该关注儿童和青少年对身体约束的看法和第一手体验。
