Satapathy Sandeep, Kumar Chanchal, Singh Roshan Kumar
Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, India.
Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
Cell Med. 2019 Sep 6;11:2155179019873849. doi: 10.1177/2155179019873849. eCollection 2019.
The tumor microenvironment can be realistically viewed as an active battle ground between the host immune system and the growing tumor cells. This reactive space surrounding the tumor possesses several possibilities and facilitates the progression of a tumor from a neoplastic stage to that of metastasis. The contemporary approach of understanding the cancer biology from a "within the cell" perspective has been largely challenged with complex and intricate "outside the cell" events. Thus understanding the biology of the tumor microenvironment has been of scientific and clinical interest. Small non-coding microRNAs with a pleotropic and wide range of cellular gene targets can be reasonably hypothesized to regulate the events of carcinogenesis and progression. MicroRNAs have been investigated in different cancer models, and evidence of their involvement in the regulation of the tumor microenvironment has been of much interest. In particular, a major interest has been exploring the role of the tumor microenvironment in regulating the interaction of cancer cells with surrounding stromal components and the effect of such interactions on the cancer cells. Fine-tuned regulation by these microRNAs extends our contemporary understanding of these small biomolecules in epigenetic regulations. This review focuses on microRNAs that are dysregulated in ovarian carcinomas, their effect on the components of the tumor microenvironment, and the correlation of their heterogeneous expression profiles with disease severity and prognosis in patients. In addition, this paper also discusses the differential expression of exosomal microRNAs that are known to link the cancer cell with its microenvironment, facilitating the development of an improved prognostic/diagnostic marker and effective therapeutic regime.
肿瘤微环境可被切实视为宿主免疫系统与不断生长的肿瘤细胞之间的一个活跃战场。肿瘤周围的这个反应性空间具有多种可能性，并促进肿瘤从肿瘤形成阶段发展至转移阶段。从“细胞内”视角理解癌症生物学的当代方法，在很大程度上面临着复杂且错综复杂的“细胞外”事件的挑战。因此，了解肿瘤微环境的生物学特性具有科学和临床意义。可以合理推测，具有多效性且细胞基因靶点范围广泛的小非编码微小RNA能够调节致癌作用和肿瘤进展事件。微小RNA已在不同癌症模型中得到研究，其参与肿瘤微环境调节的证据备受关注。特别值得关注的是，一直在探索肿瘤微环境在调节癌细胞与周围基质成分相互作用中的作用，以及这种相互作用对癌细胞的影响。这些微小RNA的精细调节扩展了我们对这些小生物分子在表观遗传调控中的当代理解。本综述聚焦于在卵巢癌中失调的微小RNA、它们对肿瘤微环境成分的影响，以及它们的异质性表达谱与患者疾病严重程度和预后的相关性。此外，本文还讨论了已知将癌细胞与其微环境联系起来的外泌体微小RNA的差异表达，这有助于开发改进的预后/诊断标志物和有效的治疗方案。
