Kohlhapp F J, Mitra A K, Lengyel E, Peter M E
Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
Medical Sciences Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.
Oncogene. 2015 Nov 26;34(48):5857-68. doi: 10.1038/onc.2015.89. Epub 2015 Apr 13.
Cancer cells grow in an environment comprised of multiple components that support tumor growth and contribute to therapy resistance. Major cell types in the tumor microenvironment are fibroblasts, endothelial cells and infiltrating immune cells all of which communicate with cancer cells. One way that these cell types promote cancer progression is by altering the expression of microRNAs (miRNAs), small noncoding RNAs that negatively regulate protein expression, either in the cancer cells or in the associated normal cells. Changes in miRNA expression can be brought about by direct interaction between the stromal cells and cancer cells, by paracrine factors secreted by any of the cell types or even through direct communication between cells through secreted miRNAs. Understanding the role of miRNAs in the complex interactions between the tumor and cells in its microenvironment is necessary if we are to understand tumor progression and devise new treatments.
癌细胞生长于一个由多种成分构成的环境中，这些成分支持肿瘤生长并导致治疗抗性。肿瘤微环境中的主要细胞类型是成纤维细胞、内皮细胞和浸润性免疫细胞，它们都与癌细胞相互通讯。这些细胞类型促进癌症进展的一种方式是改变微小RNA（miRNA）的表达，微小RNA是一类小的非编码RNA，可在癌细胞或相关正常细胞中负向调节蛋白质表达。miRNA表达的变化可由基质细胞与癌细胞之间的直接相互作用、任何一种细胞类型分泌的旁分泌因子引起，甚至可通过分泌的miRNA在细胞间的直接通讯导致。如果我们想要理解肿瘤进展并设计新的治疗方法，就有必要了解miRNA在肿瘤与其微环境中的细胞之间复杂相互作用中的作用。
