Institute of Clinical Medicine, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Northern Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
Institute of Medical Biology, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Northern Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
J Thorac Oncol. 2016 Jun;11(6):789-800. doi: 10.1016/j.jtho.2016.01.015. Epub 2016 Feb 1.
A malignant tumor is not merely an accumulation of neoplastic cells, but constitutes a microenvironment containing endothelial cells, fibroblasts, structural components, and infiltrating immune cells that impact tumor development, invasion, metastasis, and outcome. Hence, the evolution of cancers reflects intricate cellular and molecular interactions between tumor cells and constituents of the tumor microenvironment. Recent studies have shed new light on this complex interaction between tumor and host immune cells and the resulting immune response. The composition of the immune microenvironment differs across patients as well as in cancers of the same type, including various populations of T cells, B cells, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, neutrophils, and macrophages. The type, density, location, and organization of immune cells within solid tumors define the immune contexture, which has proved to be a major determinant of tumor characteristics and patient outcome. Lung cancer consists mostly of non-small cell lung cancer (85%); it is our most deadly malignant disease, with the 5-year survival rate being merely 15%. This review focuses on the immune contexture; the tumor-suppressing roles of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes; and the relevance of this immune contexture for cancer diagnostics, prognostication, and treatment allocation, with an emphasis on non-small cell lung cancer.
恶性肿瘤不仅仅是肿瘤细胞的堆积，还构成了一个包含内皮细胞、成纤维细胞、结构成分和浸润免疫细胞的微环境，这些细胞和成分影响着肿瘤的发生、浸润、转移和结局。因此，癌症的演进反映了肿瘤细胞与肿瘤微环境成分之间复杂的细胞和分子相互作用。最近的研究揭示了肿瘤与宿主免疫细胞之间这种复杂的相互作用以及由此产生的免疫反应。免疫微环境的组成在不同患者以及同一类型的癌症中都存在差异，包括各种 T 细胞、B 细胞、树突状细胞、自然杀伤细胞、髓系来源的抑制细胞、中性粒细胞和巨噬细胞。实体瘤中免疫细胞的类型、密度、位置和组织方式定义了免疫结构，事实证明，免疫结构是肿瘤特征和患者结局的主要决定因素。肺癌主要由非小细胞肺癌（85%）组成；它是我们最致命的恶性疾病，5 年生存率仅为 15%。本综述重点关注免疫结构、肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞的肿瘤抑制作用，以及这种免疫结构对癌症诊断、预后和治疗分配的相关性，重点关注非小细胞肺癌。
