Cemin Henrique S, Williams Hayden E, Tokach Mike D, Dritz Steve S, Woodworth Jason C, DeRouchey Joel M, Goodband Robert D, Coble Kyle F, Carrender Brittany A, Gerhart Mandy J
Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA.
Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA.
J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 2020 Jul 3;11:70. doi: 10.1186/s40104-020-00474-x. eCollection 2020.
Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of increasing amounts of soybean meal (SBM) in swine diets and estimate the energy value of SBM.
A total of 2233 pigs (PIC 337 × 1050, Hendersonville, TN) and 3796 pigs (PIC 359 × C40), initially 11.0 kg and 17.6 kg body weight (BW), were used in Exp. 1 and 2, respectively. In Exp. 1, pigs were placed in 92 pens each containing 20 to 27 pigs. In Exp. 2, pigs were placed in 84 pens each containing 37 to 43 pigs. Treatments were assigned in a randomized complete block design with BW as the blocking factor. Dietary treatments consisted of 21%, 27%, 33%, or 39% SBM in Exp. 1 and 17.5%, 22%, 26.5%, 31%, 35.5%, or 40% SBM in Exp. 2, obtained by changing the inclusion rate of feed-grade amino acids and corn grain. For Exp. 1, representative samples of corn grain, SBM, and distillers dried grains with solubles were analyzed for total AA content prior to diet formulation. For Exp. 2, diets were formulated using NRC (2012) nutrient loadings. Treatment diets were fed for 21 and 22 d (Exp. 1 and 2) and there were 23 replicates in Exp. 1 and 14 replicates in Exp. 2. Pigs were weighed and feed disappearance measured weekly to calculate average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), gain-to-feed ratio (G:F), and caloric efficiency (CE). Data were analyzed with block as a random effect and treatment as a fixed effect, and contrasts were constructed to test the linear and quadratic effects of increasing SBM.
In Exp. 1, there was a tendency (linear, = 0.092) for a decrease in ADFI as SBM increased. There was a tendency ( = 0.090) for a quadratic response for ADG, with a decrease in ADG observed with 39% SBM inclusion. Pigs fed diets with increasing SBM had a tendency (quadratic, = 0.069) for an increase in G:F up to 33% SBM and an improvement (linear, = 0.001; quadratic, = 0.063) in CE with increasing SBM. Using CE to estimate the energy of SBM relative to corn, a value of 105.4% of corn energy or 2816 kcal/kg NE was determined using all data points. When removing the CE value of the 39% SBM treatment due to the quadratic tendency, SBM was estimated to have 121.1% of corn energy or 3236 kcal/kg NE. In Exp. 2, there was a decrease (linear, = 0.001) in ADFI. Pigs fed increasing SBM had a tendency (linear, = 0.065) for reduced ADG but an improvement (linear, = 0.001) in G:F and CE as SBM increased. The energy value of SBM was estimated as 124.7% of corn energy or 3332 kcal/kg NE.
The results suggest that feeding increasing levels of SBM improves G:F and CE. The energy value of SBM was estimated to be between 105% and 125% of corn, which is much greater than the NRC (2012) would indicate.
进行了两项试验，以确定猪日粮中豆粕（SBM）添加量增加的影响，并估算SBM的能量值。
试验1和试验2分别使用了2233头猪（PIC 337×1050，田纳西州亨德森维尔）和3796头猪（PIC 359×C40），初始体重分别为11.0千克和17.6千克。试验1中，猪被安置在92个栏中，每个栏中有20至27头猪。试验2中，猪被安置在84个栏中，每个栏中有37至43头猪。处理采用随机完全区组设计，以体重作为区组因素。试验1的日粮处理包括21%、27%、33%或39%的SBM，试验2的日粮处理包括17.5%、22%、26.5%、31%、35.5%或40%的SBM，通过改变饲料级氨基酸和玉米谷物的添加比例获得。试验1中，在日粮配制前对玉米谷物、SBM和干酒糟及其可溶物的代表性样本进行了总氨基酸含量分析。试验2中，日粮根据NRC（2012）的营养成分含量进行配制。试验日粮分别饲喂21天和22天（试验1和试验2），试验1有23个重复，试验2有14个重复。每周对猪进行称重并测量饲料消耗量，以计算平均日增重（ADG）、平均日采食量（ADFI）、料重比（G:F）和能量效率（CE）。数据以区组为随机效应、处理为固定效应进行分析，并构建对比以检验SBM增加的线性和二次效应。
试验1中，随着SBM增加，ADFI有下降趋势（线性，P = 0.092）。ADG有二次反应趋势（P = 0.090），当SBM添加量为39%时ADG下降。饲喂SBM含量增加日粮的猪，G:F在SBM添加量达到33%之前有增加趋势（二次，P = 0.069），且随着SBM增加，CE有改善（线性，P = 0.001；二次，P = 0.063）。使用CE估算SBM相对于玉米的能量，利用所有数据点确定SBM的能量值为玉米能量的105.4%或2816千卡/千克净能。由于二次趋势，去除39% SBM处理的CE值后，估算SBM的能量为玉米能量的121.1%或3236千卡/千克净能。试验2中，ADFI下降（线性，P = 0.001）。饲喂SBM含量增加日粮的猪，ADG有下降趋势（线性，P = 0.065），但随着SBM增加，G:F和CE有改善（线性，P = 0.001）。SBM的能量值估算为玉米能量的124.7%或3332千卡/千克净能。
结果表明，增加SBM的饲喂水平可改善G:F和CE。SBM的能量值估算为玉米能量的105%至125%，远高于NRC（2012）的指示值。
