Bradatsch Silvia, Vahl Marlene Dorit, Potterton Rachel, Gordon Gemma, Schmidt Ulrike, Brockmeyer Timo
Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.
Section of Eating Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
J Eat Disord. 2020 Jul 2;8:34. doi: 10.1186/s40337-020-00305-4. eCollection 2020.
Recent research has identified several cognitive biases in patients with eating disorders, such as a tendency to interpret ambiguous information about one's own body in a negative way. The so-called "negative interpretation bias" is considered to be a key factor in maintaining maladaptive cognitions and behaviors in eating disorders. Studies on modification of the negative interpretation bias in eating disorders have yielded mixed results. This randomized controlled pilot study examined whether a specially adapted, computerized version of the Scrambled Sentences Task modifies negative interpretation bias in women with elevated body dissatisfaction.
The sample consisted of 40 normal-weight women with elevated body dissatisfaction, randomly assigned either to an intervention or a no-intervention control group (each = 20). The intervention group received six sessions (within two weeks) of a newly-developed interpretation bias modification training that involved unscrambling positively valenced, body image-related sentences. The control group received no intervention. In both groups, body image-related negative interpretation bias (main outcome), trait body dissatisfaction and thin-ideal cue reactivity were assessed at baseline and two weeks later. Additionally, in the intervention condition, the trajectory of expected reductions in the thin-ideal internalization was measured during each training session.
In both conditions, body image-related negative interpretation bias and trait body dissatisfaction decreased significantly from pre- to post-assessment; however, a specific effect imparted by the interpretation bias modification training was not found. Groups did not differ in thin-ideal cue reactivity. In the intervention group, thin-ideal internalization decreased significantly over the training sessions.
The findings do not support use of body image-related interpretation bias modification in its current form in the treatment of body dissatisfaction. Further research involving different versions of the training and clinical samples is warranted.
最近的研究发现饮食失调患者存在几种认知偏差，比如倾向于以消极方式解读有关自身身体的模糊信息。所谓的“消极解读偏差”被认为是维持饮食失调中适应不良认知和行为的关键因素。关于改变饮食失调中消极解读偏差的研究结果不一。这项随机对照试验性研究考察了一种经过特殊改编的计算机化句子排序任务是否能改变身体不满程度较高的女性的消极解读偏差。
样本包括40名身体不满程度较高的正常体重女性，她们被随机分配到干预组或无干预对照组（每组各20人）。干预组接受为期六周（两周内）的新开发的解读偏差矫正训练，该训练包括对与身体形象相关的积极句子进行排序。对照组未接受任何干预。两组均在基线时和两周后评估与身体形象相关的消极解读偏差（主要结果）、特质性身体不满和瘦理想线索反应性。此外，在干预条件下，在每次训练期间测量瘦理想内化预期降低的轨迹。
在两种情况下，从评估前到评估后，与身体形象相关的消极解读偏差和特质性身体不满均显著降低；然而，未发现解读偏差矫正训练产生的特定效果。两组在瘦理想线索反应性方面没有差异。在干预组中，瘦理想内化在训练期间显著降低。
研究结果不支持目前形式的与身体形象相关的解读偏差矫正用于治疗身体不满。有必要开展涉及不同版本训练和临床样本的进一步研究。
