Bressan Eduardo Andrade, de Carvalho Igor Araújo Santos, Borges Maria Teresa Mendes Ribeiro, Carneiro Monalisa Sampaio, da Silva Edson Ferreira, Gazaffi Rodrigo, Shirasuna Regina Tomoko, Abreu Vinícius, Popin Rafael V, Figueira Antonio, Oliveira Giancarlo Conde Xavier
Evolution Laboratory, Department of Genetics, "Luiz de Queiroz" Agricultural College, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil.
Technological Analysis and Simulation Laboratory, Department of Agroindustrial Technology and Rural Socioeconomics, Center of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Araras, Brazil.
Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2020 Jun 19;8:598. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00598. eCollection 2020.
The commercial release of genetically modified organisms (GMO) requires a prior environmental and human/animal health risk assessment. In Brazil, the National Biotechnology Technical Commission (CTNBio) requires a survey of the area of natural occurrence of wild relatives of the GMO in the Brazilian ecosystems to evaluate the possibility of introgressive hybridization between sexually compatible species. Modern sugarcane cultivars, the focus of this study, derive from a series of hybridization and backcrossing events among species. The so-called " broad sense" group includes around 40 species from a few genera, including , found in various tropical regions, particularly South-Eastern Asia. In Brazil, three native species, originally considered to belong to , were reclassified as (Nees) Trin., . (Nees) Steud., and Steud., based on inflorescence morphology. Thus, we have investigated the potential occurrence of gene flow among the Brazilian native species and commercial hybrids as a requisite for GMO commercial release. A comprehensive survey was carried out to map the occurrence of the three native species in Brazil, concluding that they are sympatric with sugarcane cultivation only from around 14°S southwards, which precludes most Northeastern sugarcane-producing states from undergoing introgression. Based on phenology, we concluded that the Brazilian species are unable to outcross naturally with commercial sugarcane since the overlap between the flowering periods of sugarcane and the native species is limited. A phylogenomic reconstruction based on the full plastid genome sequence showed that the three native species are the taxa closest to sugarcane in Brazil, being closer than introduced or . A 2-year study on eight nutritional composition traits of the 20 main sugarcane cultivars cultivated in Brazil was carried out in six environments. The minimum and maximum values obtained were, in percent: moisture (62.6-82.5); sucrose (9.65-21.76); crude fiber (8.06-21.03); FDN (7.20-20.68); FDA (4.55-16.90); lipids (0.06-1.59); ash (0.08-2.67); and crude protein (0.18-1.18). Besides a considerable amount of genetic variation and plastic responses, many instances of genotype-by-environment interaction were detected.
转基因生物（GMO）的商业释放需要事先进行环境及人类/动物健康风险评估。在巴西，国家生物技术技术委员会（CTNBio）要求对转基因生物在巴西生态系统中的野生近缘种的自然发生区域进行调查，以评估有性兼容物种之间渐渗杂交的可能性。本研究的重点——现代甘蔗品种，源自一系列物种间的杂交和回交事件。所谓的“广义”群体包括来自几个属的约40个物种，包括在各个热带地区，特别是东南亚发现的物种。在巴西，最初被认为属于该属的三个本土物种，根据花序形态被重新分类为Trin.的（Nees）、Steud.的（Nees）和Steud.的。因此，我们调查了巴西本土物种与商业杂交种之间基因流动的潜在发生情况，这是转基因生物商业释放的必要条件。开展了一项全面调查，以绘制巴西三种本土物种的分布图，得出的结论是，它们仅在南纬约14°以南与甘蔗种植区同域分布，这排除了大多数东北部甘蔗生产州发生渐渗的可能性。基于物候学，我们得出结论，巴西的这些物种无法与商业甘蔗自然杂交，因为甘蔗与本土物种的花期重叠有限。基于完整质体基因组序列的系统发育基因组重建表明，这三个本土物种是巴西最接近甘蔗的分类群，比引入的或更接近。在六个环境中对巴西种植的20个主要甘蔗品种的八个营养成分性状进行了为期两年的研究。获得的最小值和最大值（以百分比计）分别为：水分（62.6 - 82.5）；蔗糖（9.65 - 21.76）；粗纤维（8.06 - 21.03）；中性洗涤纤维（7.20 - 20.68）；酸性洗涤纤维（4.55 - 16.90）；脂质（0.06 - 1.59）；灰分（0.08 - 2.67）；粗蛋白（0.18 - 1.18）。除了大量的遗传变异和可塑性反应外，还检测到许多基因型与环境互作的实例。
