Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kermanshah University of Technology, Kermanshah 67156-85420, Iran.
Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 CX, The Netherlands.
Biomed Mater. 2020 Oct 3;15(6):065016. doi: 10.1088/1748-605X/aba40b.
Despite tremendous progress in the design and manufacturing of metallic implants, they do not outlive the patient. To illustrate, more than half of hip replacements will fail, mainly due to implant infection and loosening. Surface engineering approaches and, in particular, coatings can facilitate implant bio-functionality via the recruitment of more host cells for new bone formation and inhibition of bacterial colonization. Here, we used electrophoretic deposition to apply a silk fibroin solution consisting of tricalcium phosphate (TCP) and vancomycin as a coating on the surface of additively-manufactured porous titanium. Furthermore, the surface properties of the coatings developed and the release kinetics of the vancomycin were studied to evaluate the applied coating. The in vitro antibacterial behavior of the multifunctional coating, as well as the cell viability and osteogenic differentiation of the MC3T3-E1 cell line were extensively studied. The biomaterials developed exhibited an antibacterial behavior with a reduction of up to four orders of magnitude in both planktonic and adherent bacteria for 6 h and 1 d. A live-dead assay, the Alamar Blue activity, the DNA content, and cytoskeleton staining demonstrated a significant increase in the cell density of the coated groups versus the as-manufactured ones. The significantly enhanced calcium deposition and the increase in mineralization for the groups with TCP after 21 and 28 d, respectively, demonstrate upregulation of the MC3T3 cells' osteogenic differentiation. Our results collectively show that the multifunctional coating studied here can be potentially used to develop a new generation of orthopedic implants.
尽管在金属植入物的设计和制造方面取得了巨大进展，但它们的使用寿命仍不及患者。例如，超过一半的髋关节置换术会失败，主要原因是植入物感染和松动。表面工程方法，特别是涂层，可以通过招募更多的宿主细胞来促进植入物的生物功能，从而促进新骨形成和抑制细菌定植。在这里，我们使用电泳沉积技术将含有磷酸三钙（TCP）和万古霉素的丝素蛋白溶液作为涂层施加到增材制造的多孔钛表面上。此外，研究了开发的涂层的表面特性和万古霉素的释放动力学，以评估所应用的涂层。广泛研究了多功能涂层的体外抗菌行为以及 MC3T3-E1 细胞系的细胞活力和成骨分化。所开发的生物材料表现出抗菌行为，在浮游菌和贴壁菌中，在 6 h 和 1 d 时减少了多达四个数量级。活/死检测、Alamar Blue 活性、DNA 含量和细胞骨架染色表明，与未经处理的样品相比，涂层组的细胞密度显著增加。在 21 和 28 天分别有 TCP 的组的钙沉积显著增加和矿化增加，证明 MC3T3 细胞的成骨分化得到了上调。我们的研究结果表明，这里研究的多功能涂层可以潜在地用于开发新一代的骨科植入物。
