Livestock and Wildlife Laboratory, Arid Lands Institute, 4119, Medenine, Tunisia.
Faculty of Sciences of Gabes, University of Gabes, Gabes, Tunisia.
Trop Anim Health Prod. 2020 Nov;52(6):3187-3194. doi: 10.1007/s11250-020-02344-0. Epub 2020 Jul 8.
This study aimed to investigate the milk production potential and the impact of nongenetic factors on milk yield and composition of Tunisian dromedary camels. Milk recording and sampling were carried out at monthly intervals over complete lactation for 3 years from 95 camels reared in intensive and semi-intensive systems. The overall means of daily milk yield and fat, protein, total solids, and ash contents were 4.21 ± 1.98 l/day, 2.45 ± 0.9%, 2.67 ± 0.74%, 10.75 ± 1.41%, and 0.85 ± 0.08%, respectively. The total milk yield was 1388.41 ± 575.46 l/lactation for 11 months of lactation. The daily milk yield increased regularly throughout lactation until it reached its peak in the 4th month postpartum and then decreased until the 17th month postpartum. The chemical components, except ash, followed an opposite trend to the milk yield. Their minimum contents were recorded during the 7th and 8th months postpartum, while the maximum levels were observed during the 17th month postpartum. Regarding seasonal variation, the highest daily milk yield was recorded during summer (June), whereas the lowest was found in winter (December). In contrast, the maximum and minimum contents of fat and protein were observed during winter (December) and summer (July), respectively. Similarly, total solids content was maximum in January and minimum in August. Parity had no effect on daily milk yield, while all chemical components were higher in milk from primiparous than multiparous camels. Calf sex and management system did not affect the milk yield and composition. These results are useful in order to develop feeding strategies and breeding programs for improving milk production.
本研究旨在探究突尼斯单峰驼的产奶潜力，以及非遗传因素对产奶量和乳成分的影响。在集约化和半集约化系统中饲养的 95 头骆驼，在整个泌乳期内，每月采集一次乳样并记录产奶量，共持续 3 年。每日产奶量、乳脂、乳蛋白、总固体和灰分的平均值分别为 4.21 ± 1.98 l/天、2.45 ± 0.9%、2.67 ± 0.74%、10.75 ± 1.41%和 0.85 ± 0.08%。11 个月的泌乳期中，总产奶量为 1388.41 ± 575.46 l/头。整个泌乳期内，日产奶量逐渐增加，直到产后第 4 个月达到峰值，然后逐渐下降，直到产后第 17 个月。除灰分外，其他化学成分的含量呈相反趋势。这些成分的最低含量出现在产后第 7 和第 8 个月，而最高含量则出现在产后第 17 个月。就季节性变化而言，夏季（6 月）的日产奶量最高，冬季（12 月）的日产奶量最低。相反，乳脂和乳蛋白的最高和最低含量分别出现在冬季（12 月）和夏季（7 月）。同样，总固体含量在 1 月最高，8 月最低。胎次对日产奶量没有影响，但初产骆驼的所有乳成分含量均高于经产骆驼。犊牛性别和管理系统对产奶量和乳成分没有影响。这些结果有助于制定提高产奶量的饲养策略和繁育计划。
