Laboratory Diversity of Ecosystems and Dynamics of Agricultural Production Systems in Arid Zones (DEDSPAZA), University of Biskra, BP 68, 07000, Biskra, Algeria.
Laboratory of Biotechnology, Animal Production and Health (PABIOS), Institute of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, University of Souk Ahras, 41000, Souk Ahras, Algeria.
Trop Anim Health Prod. 2024 Feb 7;56(2):70. doi: 10.1007/s11250-024-03902-6.
The main objective of this study is to determine the impact of the camel livestock system on individual and herd performances of milk production, lactation curve, fats, and protein concentrations. For this purpose, 13 she-camels of Sahraoui breed from the south eastern Algeria and belonging and semi-intensive system (N = 6) and intensive system (N = 7) were studied. Recording and sampling of milk were carried out at regular intervals during a full lactation. The lactation curve was estimated using Wood's gamma function and the t-test of independent groups was carried out to compare lactation performances, lactation curve, and reproductive parameters. The overall average daily milk (DMY), fat (DFY), and protein (DPY) yield were 6.77 ± 0.82 kg/day, 4.15 ± 0.91%, and 4.49 ± 0.20%, respectively. The mean of total milk yield (TMY) was 2696.39 ± 343.86 kg during a mean lactation length (LL) of 398.38 ± 20.65 days. The peak of milk production (6.79 ± 0.68 kg) was reached at 93.9 ± 55.8 days after calving. The open day (DO) and inter-calving interval (ICI) recorded in this study were 348.38 ± 30.33 and 723.38 ± 30.33 days, respectively. There is no significant difference (p > 0.05) between intensive and semi-intensive breeding systems for TMY (2795.39 ± 261.88 kg vs. 2580.89 ± 414.43 kg), DMY (6.96 ± 0.66 kg vs. 6.55 ± 1.00 kg), and LL (402.14 ± 21.18 days vs. 394 ± 21.03 days). However, the total amount of fat was significantly higher in intensive system (182.02 ± 33.91 kg) and the DPY content was significantly higher in semi-intensive system (4.60 ± 0.13%). The parameters α, β, and γ of lactation, fat, and protein curves between the two systems showed a highly significant difference (p < 0.01) for the parameters (α and β) for the milk production curve, significant (p < 0.05) for the time to reach peak yield, and no significance for the other parameters. The corresponding values of the coefficient of determination (R) were 0.62, 0.35 for milk yield (p > 0.05), 0.12, 0.13 (p > 0.05) for fat, and 0.03, 0.11 (p < 0.05) for protein, in the intensive and semi-intensive systems, respectively. In addition, DO and ICI were not significantly different between the livestock systems, but were higher in the intensive system than the semi-intensive system (337.17 ± 26.26 vs. 712.17 ± 26.26, respectively). The study concluded that the intensive system had a higher milk performance with a more efficient lactation curve. The incomplete gamma model (Wood) used in this study was inappropriate for estimating milk yield, but acceptable for fat and protein.
本研究的主要目的是确定骆驼畜牧业系统对个体和群体产奶性能、泌乳曲线、脂肪和蛋白质浓度的影响。为此，研究了来自阿尔及利亚东南部的 13 头撒哈拉品种的母骆驼，它们属于半集约系统（N=6）和集约系统（N=7）。在整个泌乳期内，定期进行记录和采样。使用 Wood 的伽马函数估计泌乳曲线，并进行独立组 t 检验以比较泌乳性能、泌乳曲线和生殖参数。总日奶产量（DMY）、脂肪（DFY）和蛋白质（DPY）的平均产量分别为 6.77±0.82kg/天、4.15±0.91%和 4.49±0.20%。平均总产奶量（TMY）在平均泌乳长度（LL）为 398.38±20.65 天时为 2696.39±343.86kg。产奶量峰值（6.79±0.68kg）出现在产犊后 93.9±55.8 天。本研究记录的开放天数（DO）和间情期间隔（ICI）分别为 348.38±30.33 和 723.38±30.33 天。集约和半集约繁殖系统之间 TMY（2795.39±261.88kg 对 2580.89±414.43kg）、DMY（6.96±0.66kg 对 6.55±1.00kg）和 LL（402.14±21.18 天对 394±21.03 天）无显著差异（p>0.05）。然而，集约系统中的总脂肪量显著更高（182.02±33.91kg），半集约系统中的 DPY 含量显著更高（4.60±0.13%）。两个系统之间的泌乳、脂肪和蛋白质曲线的参数α、β和γ表现出高度显著差异（p<0.01），产奶量曲线的参数（α和β）显著（p<0.05），达到峰值产量的时间无显著差异，其他参数无显著差异。集约和半集约系统的决定系数（R）相应值分别为 0.62 和 0.35（p>0.05）、0.12 和 0.13（p>0.05）用于产奶量、0.03 和 0.11（p<0.05）用于脂肪和 0.03 和 0.11（p<0.05）用于蛋白质。此外，牲畜系统之间的 DO 和 ICI 没有显著差异，但集约系统的 DO 和 ICI 高于半集约系统（分别为 337.17±26.26 对 712.17±26.26）。研究得出结论，集约系统具有更高的产奶性能和更有效的泌乳曲线。本研究中使用的不完全伽马模型（Wood）不适合估计产奶量，但适合估计脂肪和蛋白质。
