Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University , Melbourne, Australia.
Victorian Institute of Sport , Melbourne, Australia.
J Sports Sci. 2020 Nov;38(22):2532-2542. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1792703. Epub 2020 Jul 9.
This study aimed to explore the experiential knowledge and preferred training approaches of elite swimming coaches in regards to general skill development and then looking specifically at the freestyle stroke. A qualitative thematic analysis approach was employed to identify, analyse and report themes within the content of the collected data. Twenty elite swimming coaches participated in semi-structured interviews. Several themes revealed that the most common training practices employed to improve skill learning included the use of task decomposition (part-task) techniques. The findings also indicated that swimming coaches believe practice should be specific/representative to the intended performance outcomes. It is believed that such viewpoints may have been influenced by coaches' interaction with skill acquisition consultants and may have also shaped some coaches use of variants of constraints manipulation in their practice design. While swimming coaches seem to mix both traditional and contemporary skill acquisition theories in their training prescriptions, the traditional approach is dominant as evidenced by coaches seeking to reinforce "perfect" swimming technique and mechanical consistency. Considering coaches' experiential knowledge and training prescriptions may benefit future research protocols and better facilitate the transfer of empirical findings to coaching practice.
本研究旨在探讨精英游泳教练在一般技能发展方面的经验知识和首选培训方法，然后专门探讨自由泳。采用定性主题分析方法来识别、分析和报告收集数据的内容中的主题。二十名精英游泳教练参加了半结构化访谈。几个主题表明，为了提高技能学习，最常见的培训实践包括使用任务分解（部分任务）技术。研究结果还表明，游泳教练认为练习应该针对预期的表现结果具有特殊性/代表性。人们认为，这些观点可能受到教练与技能获取顾问互动的影响，并且可能也影响了一些教练在实践设计中对约束变化的使用。虽然游泳教练在他们的训练方案中似乎同时结合了传统和现代的技能获取理论，但传统方法占主导地位，这可以从教练试图加强“完美”的游泳技术和机械一致性中得到证明。考虑到教练的经验知识和培训方案可能会使未来的研究方案受益，并更好地促进实证发现向教练实践的转移。
