Zoonoses Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences , Sanandaj, Iran.
Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran.
Pathog Glob Health. 2020 Sep;114(6):323-332. doi: 10.1080/20477724.2020.1789399. Epub 2020 Jul 9.
Salivary proteins specific antibodies have been shown to be useful biomarkers of exposure to sand fly bites. This study aimed to investigate the level, duration, and dynamics of the human immune response against the SGL of Parrot, 1917 (Diptera: Psychodidae), and to assess the immunoreactivity of human sera with SGL components in an endemic area of anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) in Iran. The study was carried out in 2-phase; longitudinal and cross-sectional. Sand flies were collected monthly from indoors and outdoors. In the longitudinal study, sera from healthy volunteers were collected monthly, and in the cross-sectional study, sera from healthy volunteers and patients with ACL lesion/s, were collected for immunoassay studies. The level of anti- saliva IgG was detected using the ELISA. Immunoreactivity of individual human sera with saliva components was also assessed by western blotting. was the predominant sand fly species in the study area. The maximum and minimum percentages of IgG responses were seen in October (66%) and March (29%), respectively. Additionally, the cross-sectional study showed that 59.3% of the healthy volunteers and 80% of the patients were IgG positive. The antibody response against salivary gland was high during the sand fly active season and declined by the end of the activity of the vectors. Antibody response against the SGL components of was transient and individual-specific. Some individuals shared a strong reaction against certain individual antigens, which could be considered as vector exposure markers for further investigation.
ELISA: Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; SDS PAGE: Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis; SGL: Salivary Gland Lysate; ACL: Anthroponotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis; PBS: Phosphate Buffered Saline; BCA: Bicinchoninic Acid; PBS-T: Phosphate Buffered Saline Tween; FBS: Fetal Bovine Serum; HRP: Horseradish Peroxidase; TMB: 3,3',5,5'-Tetramethylbenzidine; PVDF: Polyvinylidene Difluoride; SGA: Salivary Gland Antigens; OD: Optical Density; KDa: Kilodalton; VL: Visceral Leishmaniasis; CL: Cutaneous Leishmaniasis; SGs: Salivary glands.
唾液蛋白特异性抗体已被证明是沙蝇叮咬暴露的有用生物标志物。本研究旨在调查人类对 1917 年 Parrot（双翅目：Psychodidae）唾液腺的免疫反应水平、持续时间和动态，并评估伊朗人源化皮肤利什曼病（ACL）流行区人类血清与 SGL 成分的免疫反应性。该研究分为两期进行；纵向和横断面。每月从室内和室外采集沙蝇。在纵向研究中，每月采集健康志愿者的血清，在横断面研究中，采集健康志愿者和 ACL 病变患者的血清进行免疫测定研究。使用 ELISA 检测抗唾液 IgG 水平。还通过 Western 印迹评估个体人血清与唾液成分的免疫反应性。 在研究区域中，是主要的沙蝇种类。IgG 反应的最高和最低百分比分别出现在 10 月（66%）和 3 月（29%）。此外，横断面研究表明，59.3%的健康志愿者和 80%的患者 IgG 阳性。在沙蝇活动季节，针对唾液腺的抗体反应较高，到载体活动结束时下降。针对 的 SGL 成分的抗体反应是短暂的和个体特异性的。一些个体对某些个体抗原表现出强烈的反应，这些抗原可以作为进一步研究的媒介暴露标志物。
ELISA：酶联免疫吸附测定；SDS PAGE：十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳；SGL：唾液腺溶液；ACL：人源化皮肤利什曼病；PBS：磷酸盐缓冲盐水；BCA：二喹啉甲酸；PBS-T：磷酸盐缓冲盐水吐温；FBS：胎牛血清；HRP：辣根过氧化物酶；TMB：3,3',5,5'-四甲基联苯胺；PVDF：聚偏二氟乙烯；SGA：唾液腺抗原；OD：光密度；KDa：千道尔顿；VL：内脏利什曼病；CL：皮肤利什曼病；SGs：唾液腺。
