Haar Shlomi, Donchin Opher
Imperial College London.
Ben-Gurion University of the Negev.
J Cogn Neurosci. 2020 Oct;32(10):1823-1836. doi: 10.1162/jocn_a_01602. Epub 2020 Jul 9.
We discuss a new framework for understanding the structure of motor control. Our approach integrates existing models of motor control with the reality of hierarchical cortical processing and the parallel segregated loops that characterize cortical-subcortical connections. We also incorporate the recent claim that cortex functions via predictive representation and optimal information utilization. Our framework assumes that each cortical area engaged in motor control generates a predictive model of a different aspect of motor behavior. In maintaining these predictive models, each area interacts with a different part of the cerebellum and BG. These subcortical areas are thus engaged in domain-appropriate system identification and optimization. This refocuses the question of division of function among different cortical areas. What are the different aspects of motor behavior that are predictively modeled? We suggest that one fundamental division is between modeling of task and body whereas another is the model of state and action. Thus, we propose that the posterior parietal cortex, somatosensory cortex, premotor cortex, and motor cortex represent task state, body state, task action, and body action, respectively. In the second part of this review, we demonstrate how this division of labor can better account for many recent findings of movement encoding, especially in the premotor and posterior parietal cortices.
我们讨论了一种用于理解运动控制结构的新框架。我们的方法将现有的运动控制模型与分层皮质处理的实际情况以及表征皮质 - 皮质下连接的并行分离回路相结合。我们还纳入了最近关于皮质通过预测表征和最优信息利用发挥功能的观点。我们的框架假设，参与运动控制的每个皮质区域都会生成运动行为不同方面的预测模型。在维持这些预测模型时，每个区域与小脑和基底神经节的不同部分相互作用。因此，这些皮质下区域参与了适用于特定领域的系统识别和优化。这重新聚焦了不同皮质区域之间功能划分的问题。运动行为的哪些不同方面是通过预测建模的？我们认为一个基本划分是在任务建模和身体建模之间，而另一个是状态和动作的模型。因此，我们提出后顶叶皮质、躯体感觉皮质、运动前区皮质和运动皮质分别代表任务状态、身体状态、任务动作和身体动作。在本综述的第二部分，我们展示了这种分工如何能更好地解释许多最近关于运动编码的研究结果，特别是在运动前区和后顶叶皮质中的发现。
