Tincani Matt, Miller Jessica, Lorah Elizabeth R, Nepo Kaori
Temple University, 1301 Cecil B. Moore Ave., Ritter Hall 351, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA.
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR USA.
Perspect Behav Sci. 2020 Mar 25;43(2):387-413. doi: 10.1007/s40614-020-00243-1. eCollection 2020 Jun.
Skinner's (1957) book is a critical tool in designing effective communication programs for individuals with limited speech. The purpose of this systematic review was to analyze the speech generating device (SGD) research literature from Skinner's taxonomy of primary verbal operants. An extraction procedure yielded 56 studies published between 1995 and 2018, with a total of 221 participants, most of whom had autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or an intellectual and developmental disability (IDD). The large majority of SGD studies (42) targeted multiply controlled mands, whereas only a handful of studies targeted verbal operants that were not mands. Few studies employed procedures for fading contrived sources of stimulus control to promote spontaneous responding, and few studies targeted more sophisticated, topography-based responses (e.g., typing, speech). Results of the review highlight the need for better dissemination of Skinner's , the need for research to evaluate effects of SGD in teaching a greater variety of spontaneous verbal operants, and the need to focus on application of SGD with populations beyond individuals with ASD and IDD.
斯金纳（1957年）的著作是为言语受限者设计有效沟通项目的关键工具。本系统综述的目的是从斯金纳的基本言语行为分类法分析言语生成装置（SGD）的研究文献。一种提取程序得出了1995年至2018年间发表的56项研究，共有221名参与者，其中大多数患有自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）或智力与发育障碍（IDD）。绝大多数SGD研究（42项）针对多重控制的指令，而只有少数研究针对非指令性的言语行为。很少有研究采用消退人为刺激控制源以促进自发反应的程序，很少有研究针对更复杂的、基于形式的反应（如打字、言语）。综述结果凸显了更好地传播斯金纳理论的必要性、开展研究以评估SGD在教授更多种类自发言语行为方面效果的必要性，以及将SGD应用重点放在ASD和IDD患者以外人群的必要性。
