Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
Environ Toxicol. 2020 Dec;35(12):1289-1298. doi: 10.1002/tox.22993. Epub 2020 Jul 10.
The current study evaluates the adverse effects of Cu(OH) nanopesticide (CNPE) on the early life stages of zebrafish (Danio rerio). The developmental toxicity was determined using different parameters such as mortality (including LC ), hatching, heart rates, malformations, and alteration of the gene expressions. Zebrafish embryos (4 hpf-hours postfertilization) were exposed to 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0, and 16.0 mg/l CNPE doses until 96 hpf. The 96 hours LC was recorded at 6.258 mg/l. Seventy-two hpf total malformation index values for 2.0, 4.0, and 8.0 mg/l CNPE doses were 4.3, 7.2 and 7.9, respectively. 1.0 mg/l CNPE is not toxic for the zebrafish embryos/larvae. 2.0 to 8.0 CNPE doses caused some abnormalities in embryos/larvae morphology, including lack of body parts, tail deformities, chorda deformity, bubbled head, scoliosis, lordosis, weak or non-pigmentation, decreased heart rate and larva length. 16.0 mg/l CNPE caused mortality in 72 hpf. The expression levels of seven immune system-related genes (il-1β, il-8, cebp, tlr4, hsp70, NF-kB, and mtf-1) were examined. The transcription level of il-1β, il-8, tlr4, hsp70, and NF-kB genes significantly increased in the CNPE exposure groups. While the expression of the mtf-1 gene considerably decreased, the cebp gene expression level did not change in the 4.0 and 8.0 mg/l CNPE doses. In conclusion, CNPE could induce developmental toxicity with malformations in embryos/larvae and alter the gene expression.
当前研究评估了 Cu(OH)纳米农药（CNPE）对斑马鱼早期生命阶段的不良影响。使用死亡率（包括 LC）、孵化、心率、畸形和基因表达变化等不同参数来确定发育毒性。将斑马鱼胚胎（受精后 4 小时）暴露于 1.0、2.0、4.0、8.0 和 16.0 mg/l 的 CNPE 剂量中，直到 96 hpf。记录 96 hpf 的 LC 为 6.258 mg/l。2.0、4.0 和 8.0 mg/l 的 CNPE 剂量的 72 hpf 总畸形指数值分别为 4.3、7.2 和 7.9。1.0 mg/l 的 CNPE 对斑马鱼胚胎/幼虫没有毒性。2.0 至 8.0 的 CNPE 剂量会导致胚胎/幼虫形态出现一些异常，包括身体部位缺失、尾巴畸形、脊索畸形、头部起泡、脊柱侧凸、腰椎前凸、弱或无色素沉着、心率降低和幼虫长度缩短。16.0 mg/l 的 CNPE 在 72 hpf 时会导致死亡率。检查了七个免疫系统相关基因（il-1β、il-8、cebp、tlr4、hsp70、NF-kB 和 mtf-1）的表达水平。在 CNPE 暴露组中，il-1β、il-8、tlr4、hsp70 和 NF-kB 基因的转录水平显著增加。而 mtf-1 基因的表达显著降低，cebp 基因的表达水平在 4.0 和 8.0 mg/l 的 CNPE 剂量下没有变化。总之，CNPE 可导致胚胎/幼虫畸形，并改变基因表达，从而引起发育毒性。
