Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, NY, USA.
Paediatr Respir Rev. 2020 Sep;35:20-24. doi: 10.1016/j.prrv.2020.06.004. Epub 2020 Jun 11.
Since the initial description in 2019, the novel coronavirus SARS-Cov-2 infection (COVID-19) pandemic has swept the globe. The most severe form of the disease presents with fever and shortness of breath, which rapidly deteriorates to respiratory failure and acute lung injury (ALI). COVID-19 also presents with a severe coagulopathy with a high rate of venous thromboembiolism. In addition, autopsy studies have revealed co-localized thrombosis and inflammation, which is the signature of thromboinflammation, within the pulmonary capillary vasculature. While the majority of published data is on adult patients, there are parallels to pediatric patients. In our experience as a COVID-19 epicenter, children and young adults do develop both the coagulopathy and the ALI of COVID-19. This review will discuss COVID-19 ALI from a hematological perspective with discussion of the distinct aspects of coagulation that are apparent in COVID-19. Current and potential interventions targeting the multiple thromboinflammatory mechanisms will be discussed.
自 2019 年首次描述以来,新型冠状病毒 SARS-CoV-2 感染(COVID-19)大流行席卷全球。该病最严重的形式表现为发热和呼吸急促,迅速恶化至呼吸衰竭和急性肺损伤(ALI)。COVID-19 还伴有严重的凝血功能障碍,静脉血栓栓塞的发生率很高。此外,尸检研究显示,肺毛细血管血管内存在血栓形成和炎症的局部共存,这是血栓炎症的特征。虽然大多数已发表的数据都是关于成年患者的,但也有与儿科患者类似的情况。根据我们在 COVID-19 中心的经验,儿童和青少年确实会出现 COVID-19 的凝血功能障碍和 ALI。本综述将从血液学角度讨论 COVID-19 ALI,并讨论 COVID-19 中明显存在的凝血的不同方面。目前和潜在的针对多种血栓炎症机制的干预措施将被讨论。