Medical Humanities Program and Department of English, Rice University, 6100 Main St., MS-30, Houston, TX, 77005, USA.
J Med Humanit. 2022 Jun;43(2):211-232. doi: 10.1007/s10912-020-09636-4.
The use of artificial intelligence in healthcare has led to debates about the role of human clinicians in the increasingly technological contexts of medicine. Some researchers have argued that AI will augment the capacities of physicians and increase their availability to provide empathy and other uniquely human forms of care to their patients. The human vulnerabilities experienced in the healthcare context raise the stakes of new technologies such as AI, and the human dimensions of AI in healthcare have particular significance for research in the humanities. This article explains four key areas of concern relating to AI and the role that medical/health humanities research can play in addressing them: definition and regulation of "medical" versus "health" data and apps; social determinants of health; narrative medicine; and technological mediation of care. Issues include data privacy and trust, flawed datasets and algorithmic bias, racial discrimination, and the rhetoric of humanism and disability. Through a discussion of potential humanities contributions to these emerging intersections with AI, this article will suggest future scholarly directions for the field.
人工智能在医疗保健中的应用引发了关于人类临床医生在日益技术化的医学环境中角色的争论。一些研究人员认为，人工智能将增强医生的能力，并增加他们为患者提供同理心和其他独特的人类护理形式的能力。在医疗保健环境中经历的人类脆弱性增加了人工智能等新技术的风险，而人工智能在医疗保健中的人文维度对于人文科学的研究具有特殊意义。本文解释了与人工智能相关的四个关键问题领域，以及医学/健康人文学科研究可以在解决这些问题方面发挥的作用：“医疗”与“健康”数据和应用的定义和监管；健康的社会决定因素；叙事医学；以及护理的技术中介。这些问题包括数据隐私和信任、有缺陷的数据集和算法偏见、种族歧视，以及人道主义和残疾的修辞。通过讨论人文科学对这些与人工智能新兴交叉领域的潜在贡献，本文将为该领域提出未来的学术方向。
