Singh Rajvinder
Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India.
Crit Rev Anal Chem. 2022;52(1):35-52. doi: 10.1080/10408347.2020.1785837. Epub 2020 Jul 12.
Chemical spot tests are one of the oldest and simplest presumptive methods of analytical chemistry. They are an integral part of the schematic analysis of different types of substances in various pure and applied scientific disciplines including forensic science. The role of spot tests has remained eternal utility in different branches of forensic science to analyze various types of physical or trace evidences. Forensic experts need to have an absolute understanding of the foundation and technicality behind complex reactions of customary spot tests. Forensic science literature dwells in the diversity of spot tests but an informative and comprehensive compendium of such prose remains occasional and limited in general. Keeping in view the ample history and legacy of spot test, the current review was constructed from a core of historical literature to recapitulate trending applications, chemistry, and limitations of notable "Griess test", "Luminol test", "Kastle-Meyer test", "Phenolphthalein test", "Ninhydrin test", and "Spy dust" in forensic science. The aim of this review article was to describe the outlook and likely impact of these tests on the expansion of scientific investigation. The anticipated output of this review is supposed to impart compatible knowledge in the attentive readers interested in understanding legacy and technical details of selected spot tests used in solving crime.
化学斑点试验是分析化学中最古老、最简单的推定方法之一。它们是包括法医学在内的各种纯科学和应用科学学科中不同类型物质的系统分析的一个组成部分。斑点试验在法医学的不同分支中一直具有永恒的效用，用于分析各种类型的物证或微量证据。法医专家需要对常规斑点试验复杂反应背后的基础和技术有绝对的了解。法医学文献中涉及斑点试验的多样性，但此类文献的信息丰富且全面的汇编总体上仍然偶尔出现且有限。鉴于斑点试验丰富的历史和遗产，本次综述从历史文献的核心内容构建而成，以概括著名的“格里斯试验”、“鲁米诺试验”、“卡斯尔 - 迈耶试验”、“酚酞试验”、“茚三酮试验”和“间谍粉末”在法医学中的趋势应用、化学原理及局限性。这篇综述文章的目的是描述这些试验对科学调查扩展的前景和可能产生的影响。本综述预期的成果应该是向有兴趣了解用于破案的选定斑点试验的遗产和技术细节的细心读者传授相关知识。
