Department of Community Medicine and Public Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Science and Technology Yemen-Jordan Branch, Amman, Jordan.
Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl. 2020 May-Jun;31(3):624-638. doi: 10.4103/1319-2442.289449.
Low organ donation rates are a major obstacle to the expansion of transplant opportunities in the Middle East. Awareness and opinion about organ donation affect willingness to donate. This study aims to evaluate public attitudes and knowledge about deceased organ donation (DOD) in Jordan in support of larger efforts to increase donor rates. A mixed qualitative and quantitative approach was used. Qualitative, one-on-one interviews were used to create a quantitative survey, which was administered to randomly-selected individuals over a 5-month period. The questionnaire used series of statements to evaluate knowledge and attitude about DOD on a scaling system and converted to scores (0-4). A total of 15 qualitative interviews and 500 quantitative surveys (78.4% response rate) were completed. Only 78 (15.6%) knew they could donate their organs after death. Only 49 (9.8%) were registered as donors, although 373 (74.6%) knew about the registration process. Internet (52.2%) and social media (51.0%) were the most common sources of information. The overall knowledge score was moderately high at 68.8% (2.75 ± 1.31). Misconceptions persisted about body disfigurement, diagnostic accuracy of brain-death, and waiting list equity. The total attitude score was moderately positive at 65.8% (2.63 ± 0.02). Public awareness campaigns (85.3%, 3.42 ± 0.95) and regulatory legislation (78.8%, 3.15 ± 0.99) were considered especially positive, while negative attitudes about religious approval and paid donation were present. Female respondents had significantly higher scores on organ donation significance (P = 0.007) and overall attitude (P = 0.035) than males. The results of this study demonstrate knowledge gaps, misconceptions, and negative opinions on topics related to organ donation in Jordan. However, participants recognized the importance of educational campaigns and regulatory legislation and would likely benefit from information from health-care providers and religious leaders.
器官捐献率低是中东地区扩大移植机会的主要障碍。对器官捐献的认识和看法影响着人们的捐献意愿。本研究旨在评估约旦公众对已故器官捐献（DOD）的态度和知识，以支持更大力度提高捐献率。本研究采用定性和定量相结合的方法。采用一对一访谈的方式进行定性研究，以生成一份定量调查问卷，在 5 个月的时间内随机选择个人进行问卷调查。问卷使用一系列陈述来评估对 DOD 的知识和态度，采用评分制（0-4 分）。共完成 15 次定性访谈和 500 份定量调查（应答率 78.4%）。仅有 78 人（15.6%）知道他们死后可以捐献器官。仅有 49 人（9.8%）登记为捐献者，尽管 373 人（74.6%）知道登记过程。互联网（52.2%）和社交媒体（51.0%）是最常见的信息来源。总体知识得分中等偏高，为 68.8%（2.75±1.31）。关于身体变形、脑死亡诊断准确性和等待名单公平性的误解仍然存在。总体态度得分中等偏正，为 65.8%（2.63±0.02）。公众对宣传活动（85.3%，3.42±0.95）和监管立法（78.8%，3.15±0.99）的认可度尤其高，而对宗教认可和有偿捐献的负面态度仍然存在。女性受访者在器官捐献意义（P=0.007）和总体态度（P=0.035）方面的得分显著高于男性。本研究结果表明，约旦公众在器官捐献相关主题方面存在知识差距、误解和负面看法。然而，参与者认识到宣传活动和监管立法的重要性，可能会受益于来自医疗保健提供者和宗教领袖的信息。
