Fleury Mathis, Lioi Giulia, Barillot Christian, Lécuyer Anatole
University of Rennes 1, INRIA, EMPENN & HYBRID, Rennes, France.
Front Neurosci. 2020 Jun 23;14:528. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00528. eCollection 2020.
Neurofeedback (NF) and brain-computer interface (BCI) applications rely on the registration and real-time feedback of individual patterns of brain activity with the aim of achieving self-regulation of specific neural substrates or control of external devices. These approaches have historically employed visual stimuli. However, in some cases vision is unsuitable or inadequately engaging. Other sensory modalities, such as auditory or haptic feedback have been explored, and multisensory stimulation is expected to improve the quality of the interaction loop. Moreover, for motor imagery tasks, closing the sensorimotor loop through haptic feedback may be relevant for motor rehabilitation applications, as it can promote plasticity mechanisms. This survey reviews the various haptic technologies and describes their application to BCIs and NF. We identify major trends in the use of haptic interfaces for BCI and NF systems and discuss crucial aspects that could motivate further studies.
神经反馈（NF）和脑机接口（BCI）应用依赖于对个体脑活动模式的记录和实时反馈，目的是实现特定神经基质的自我调节或外部设备的控制。这些方法历来采用视觉刺激。然而，在某些情况下，视觉并不合适或吸引力不足。人们已经探索了其他感觉模态，如听觉或触觉反馈，并且多感觉刺激有望提高交互回路的质量。此外，对于运动想象任务，通过触觉反馈闭合感觉运动回路可能与运动康复应用相关，因为它可以促进可塑性机制。本综述回顾了各种触觉技术，并描述了它们在脑机接口和神经反馈中的应用。我们确定了触觉接口在脑机接口和神经反馈系统中的主要使用趋势，并讨论了可能推动进一步研究的关键方面。
