Jacques Clémentine, Quiquempoix Michael, Sauvet Fabien, Le Van Quyen Michel, Gomez-Merino Danielle, Chennaoui Mounir
URP 7330 VIFASOM, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.
Unité Fatigue et Vigilance, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Brétigny sur Orge, France.
Front Psychol. 2024 Dec 13;15:1412289. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1412289. eCollection 2024.
Operational environments are characterized by a range of psycho-physiological constraints that can degrade combatants' performance and impact on their long-term health. Neurofeedback training (NFT), a non-invasive, safe and effective means of regulating brain activity, has been shown to be effective for mental disorders, as well as for cognitive and motor capacities and aiding sports performance in healthy individuals. Its value in helping soldiers in operational condition or suffering from post-traumatic stress (PTSD) is undeniable, but relatively unexplored. The aim of this narrative review is to show the applicability of NFT to enhance cognitive performance and to treat (or manage) PTSD symptoms in the military context. It provides an overview of NFT use cases before, during or after military operations, and in the treatment of soldiers suffering from PTSD. The position of NFT within the broad spectrum of performance enhancement techniques, as well as several key factors influencing the effectiveness of NFT are discussed. Finally, suggestions for the use of NFT in the military context (pre-training environments, and during and post-deployments to combat zones or field operations), future research directions, recommendations and caveats (e.g., on transfer to operational situations, inter-individual variability in responsiveness) are offered. This review is thus expected to draw clear perspectives for both researchers and armed forces regarding NFT for cognitive performance enhancement and PTSD treatment related to the military context.
作战环境具有一系列心理生理限制因素，这些因素会降低战斗人员的表现，并对他们的长期健康产生影响。神经反馈训练（NFT）是一种调节大脑活动的非侵入性、安全有效的方法，已被证明对精神障碍以及认知和运动能力有效，并有助于提高健康个体的运动表现。它在帮助处于作战状态或患有创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的士兵方面的价值是不可否认的，但相对未被探索。本叙述性综述的目的是展示NFT在军事背景下提高认知表现和治疗（或管理）PTSD症状的适用性。它概述了在军事行动之前、期间或之后以及治疗患有PTSD的士兵时NFT的使用案例。讨论了NFT在广泛的性能增强技术中的地位，以及影响NFT有效性的几个关键因素。最后，提供了在军事背景下使用NFT的建议（训练前环境以及部署到战斗区域或野外行动期间和之后）、未来研究方向、建议和注意事项（例如，关于转移到作战情况、个体反应性的个体差异）。因此，本综述有望为研究人员和武装部队提供关于NFT在军事背景下提高认知表现和治疗PTSD的清晰视角。
