Del Vecchio Fabrício Boscolo, Coswig Victor Silveira, Cabistany Leo Dutra, Orcy Rafael Bueno, Gentil Paulo
Superior School of Physical Education, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
College of Physical Education, Federal University of Pará, Castanhal, Pará, Brazil.
SAGE Open Med. 2020 Jul 1;8:2050312120936956. doi: 10.1177/2050312120936956. eCollection 2020.
Tissues usually super compensate during the period that follow physical exercise. Although this is widely accepted for muscle and glycogen, the compensatory effect is not usually applied to fat tissues. Notwithstanding, evidence for this has been present since the 1970s when it was first suggested that the increased lipogenic activity in response to training might be an adaptation that enables to restore an energy reserve that can be used in times of need. In this context, the present review aimed to summarize information about the effect of detraining on fat metabolism and the physiological responses associated with fat regain. A systematic search on PubMed and Scielo was performed using "training cessation," "detraining," "exercise detraining," and "exercise cessation" combined with "fat tissue," "adipose tissue," "adipose metabolism," and "fat metabolism," as descriptors. From 377 results, 25 were included in this review, 12 humans and 13 rodents, resulting in a sample of 6772 humans and 613 animals. The analysis provided evidence for fat super compensation, as well as differences in humans and rodents, among different protocols and possible mechanisms for fat gain after exercise cessation. In summary, exercise cessation appears to increase the ability of the adipose tissue to store energy. However, caution should be taken, especially regarding conclusions based on investigations on humans, considering the multiple factors that could affect fat metabolism.
在体育锻炼后的一段时间里，组织通常会发生超量恢复。虽然这在肌肉和糖原方面已被广泛接受，但这种补偿效应通常并不适用于脂肪组织。尽管如此，自20世纪70年代以来就有相关证据，当时首次有人提出，训练后脂肪生成活性增加可能是一种适应性变化，能够恢复能量储备，以便在需要时使用。在此背景下，本综述旨在总结有关停训对脂肪代谢的影响以及与体重反弹相关的生理反应的信息。我们在PubMed和Scielo上进行了系统检索，使用“训练停止”“停训”“运动停训”和“运动终止”，并结合“脂肪组织”“脂肪组织”“脂肪代谢”和“脂肪代谢”作为描述词。从377个结果中，本综述纳入了25项研究，其中12项针对人类，13项针对啮齿动物，涉及6772名人类和613只动物的样本。该分析为脂肪超量恢复提供了证据，以及人类和啮齿动物之间、不同方案之间的差异，还有运动停止后体重增加的可能机制。总之，运动停止似乎会增加脂肪组织储存能量的能力。然而，应谨慎对待，尤其是基于对人类研究得出的结论，要考虑到可能影响脂肪代谢的多种因素。
