Cellular Therapy and Hematopoietic Transplant Unit, Hematology Department, Virgen de la Arrixaca Clinical University Hospital, IMIB-Arrixaca, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
J Prosthodont. 2021 Jan;30(1):65-70. doi: 10.1111/jopr.13226. Epub 2020 Jul 30.
To compare the cytotoxicity of six commercially available denture adhesives on human gingival cells: Poligrip Flavour Free Fixative Cream, Fixodent Pro Duo Protection, Novafix cream, FittyDent, Polident Total Action, and Fixodent Pro Plus Duo Protection.
Eluates of denture adhesives were brought into contact with human gingival cells and compared to untreated cells (w/o any dental adhesive elute). Cell toxicity was assessed by measuring cell viability (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) (MTT) assays), cell morphology (immunofluorescence assays), induction of apoptosis/necrosis and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (flow cytometry assays). In addition, the pH of each sample was determined. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Dunnett's multiple comparisons test.
All denture adhesives tested led to a reduction in pH, especially Fixodent Pro Duo Protection and Fixodent Pro Plus Duo Protection. The cell viability assays showed that Fixodent Pro Duo Protection (1:1 72 hours, p = 3.04 × 10 ; 1:2 72 hours, p = 2.07 × 10 ; 1:4 72 hours, p = 2.04 × 10 ) and Fixodent Pro Plus Duo Protection (1:1 72 hours, p = 2.01 × 10 ; 1:2 72 hours, p = 3.03 × 10 ; 1:4 72 hours, p = 2.02 × 10 ) significantly decreased cell viability at all dilutions. Compared to the control group and the rest of the adhesives, Poligrip Flavour Free Fixative Cream (PFF 1:1 72 hours, p = 2.24 × 10 ; 1:2 72 hours, p = 2.44 × 10 ; 1:4 72 hours, p = 2.04 × 10 ) showed a significantly higher cell viability score at all dilutions. Fixodent Pro Duo Protection and Fixodent Pro Plus Duo Protection, both adhesives containing zinc salts in their composition, were responsible for necrosis, and the number of cells was much reduced, with aberrant morphology and pyknotic nucleus. Finally, Fixodent (1:2, p = 2.04 × 10 , 1:4, p = 0.00036; 1:2, p = 8.82 × 10 , 1:4, p = 2.30 × 10 ) products significantly promoted ROS production in gingival cells.
The results suggest that denture adhesives containing zinc in their composition could be responsible of the decrease of cell viability, ROS production, aberrant cell morphology, and induction of apoptosis and cell death. However, other possible additional cytotoxic factors must be considered. Thus, more studies are necessary to confirm this hypothesis.
比较六种市售义齿黏附剂对人牙龈细胞的细胞毒性：保丽净无香料固定膏、Fixodent Pro Duo 保护剂、诺瓦菲克乳膏、FittyDent、保丽净全效行动、Fixodent Pro Plus Duo 保护剂。
将义齿黏附剂的浸提液与人牙龈细胞接触，并与未经任何牙科黏附剂浸提的细胞（无任何牙科黏附剂浸提）进行比较。通过测量细胞活力（3-（4,5-二甲基噻唑-2-基）-2,5-二苯基四唑溴化物）（MTT）测定细胞毒性）试验）、细胞形态（免疫荧光试验）、细胞凋亡/坏死诱导和活性氧（ROS）产生（流式细胞术）。此外，还测定了每个样本的 pH 值。使用单因素方差分析（ANOVA）后进行 Dunnett 多重比较检验对数据进行分析。
所有测试的义齿黏附剂都导致 pH 值降低，特别是 Fixodent Pro Duo 保护剂和 Fixodent Pro Plus Duo 保护剂。细胞活力测定表明，Fixodent Pro Duo 保护剂（1:1 72 小时，p = 3.04×10；1:2 72 小时，p = 2.07×10；1:4 72 小时，p = 2.04×10）和 Fixodent Pro Plus Duo 保护剂（1:1 72 小时，p = 2.01×10；1:2 72 小时，p = 3.03×10；1:4 72 小时，p = 2.02×10）在所有稀释度下均显著降低细胞活力。与对照组和其他黏附剂相比，保丽净无香料固定膏（PFF 1:1 72 小时，p = 2.24×10；1:2 72 小时，p = 2.44×10；1:4 72 小时，p = 2.04×10）在所有稀释度下均表现出更高的细胞活力评分。Fixodent Pro Duo 保护剂和 Fixodent Pro Plus Duo 保护剂均含有其成分中的锌盐，导致坏死，细胞数量大大减少，形态异常，核固缩。最后，Fixodent（1:2，p = 2.04×10，1:4，p = 0.00036；1:2，p = 8.82×10，1:4，p = 2.30×10）产品显著促进了牙龈细胞中 ROS 的产生。
结果表明，其成分中含有锌的义齿黏附剂可能会导致细胞活力下降、ROS 产生、细胞形态异常以及细胞凋亡和死亡的诱导。然而，还必须考虑其他可能的额外细胞毒性因素。因此，需要进一步研究来证实这一假设。
