Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, FENNSI Group, SESCAM, Toledo, Spain.
Instituto Cajal-CSIC, Spanish Research Council/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
Neuroscientist. 2021 Jun;27(3):214-221. doi: 10.1177/1073858420939033. Epub 2020 Jul 13.
COVID-19 is an ongoing viral pandemic that emerged from East Asia and quickly spread to the rest of the world. SARS-CoV-2 is the virus causing COVID-19. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is definitely one of the main clinically relevant consequences in patients with COVID-19. Starting from the earliest reports of the COVID-19 pandemic, two peculiar neurological manifestations (namely, hyposmia/anosmia and dysgeusia) were reported in a relevant proportion of patients infected by SARS-CoV-2. At present, the physiopathologic mechanisms accounting for the onset of these symptoms are not yet clarified. CXCL10 is a pro-inflammatory chemokine with a well-established role in the COVID-19-related cytokine storm and in subsequent development of ARDS. CXCL10 is also known to be involved in coronavirus-induced demyelination. On these bases, a role for CXCL10 as the common denominator between pulmonary and olfactory dysfunctions could be envisaged. The aim of the present report will be to hypothesize a role for CXCL10 in COVID-19 olfactory dysfunctions. Previous evidences supporting our hypothesis, with special emphasis to the role of CXCL10 in coronavirus-induced demyelination, the anatomical and physiological peculiarity of the olfactory system, and the available data supporting their link during COVID-19 infections, will be overviewed.
新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）是一种正在流行的病毒性疾病，起源于东亚，并迅速传播到世界其他地区。引发 COVID-19 的病原体是严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）。急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）是 COVID-19 患者的主要临床相关后果之一。从 COVID-19 大流行的最早报告开始，就有相当比例的 SARS-CoV-2 感染者报告了两种特殊的神经表现（即嗅觉减退或丧失和味觉障碍）。目前，这些症状发生的病理生理机制尚不清楚。趋化因子（C-X-C 基元）配体 10（CXCL10）是一种促炎趋化因子，在 COVID-19 相关细胞因子风暴和随后的 ARDS 发展中具有明确的作用。CXCL10 也已知与冠状病毒诱导的脱髓鞘有关。基于这些发现，我们可以推测 CXCL10 在 COVID-19 嗅觉功能障碍中起着共同作用。本报告的目的将假设 CXCL10 在 COVID-19 嗅觉功能障碍中的作用。将综述支持我们假设的先前证据，特别强调 CXCL10 在冠状病毒诱导的脱髓鞘、嗅觉系统的解剖和生理学特征以及支持 COVID-19 感染期间它们之间联系的现有数据中的作用。
