Swart Elmer, Dvorak Jiri, Hernádi Szabolcs, Goodall Tim, Kille Peter, Spurgeon David, Svendsen Claus, Prochazkova Petra
UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Wallingford OX10 8BB, UK.
Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2020 Jul 9;10(7):1337. doi: 10.3390/nano10071337.
Nanomaterials (NMs) can interact with the innate immunity of organisms. It remains, however, unclear whether these interactions can compromise the immune functioning of the host when faced with a disease threat. Co-exposure with pathogens is thus a powerful approach to assess the immuno-safety of NMs. In this paper, we studied the impacts of in vivo exposure to a biocidal NM on the gut microbiome, host immune responses, and susceptibility of the host to a bacterial challenge in an earthworm. were exposed to CuO-nanoparticles in soil for 28 days, after which the earthworms were challenged with the soil bacterium . Immune responses were monitored by measuring mRNA levels of known earthworm immune genes. Effects of treatments on the gut microbiome were also assessed to link microbiome changes to immune responses. Treatments caused a shift in the earthworm gut microbiome. Despite these effects, no impacts of treatment on the expression of earthworm immune markers were recorded. The methodological approach applied in this paper provides a useful framework for improved assessment of immuno-safety of NMs. In addition, we highlight the need to investigate time as a factor in earthworm immune responses to NM exposure.
纳米材料（NMs）可与生物体的固有免疫相互作用。然而，尚不清楚这些相互作用在面对疾病威胁时是否会损害宿主的免疫功能。因此，与病原体共同暴露是评估纳米材料免疫安全性的有力方法。在本文中，我们研究了在体内暴露于一种具有杀菌作用的纳米材料对蚯蚓肠道微生物群、宿主免疫反应以及宿主对细菌攻击的易感性的影响。将蚯蚓置于含有氧化铜纳米颗粒的土壤中暴露28天，之后用土壤细菌对蚯蚓进行攻击。通过测量已知的蚯蚓免疫基因的mRNA水平来监测免疫反应。还评估了处理对肠道微生物群的影响，以将微生物群变化与免疫反应联系起来。处理导致蚯蚓肠道微生物群发生变化。尽管有这些影响，但未记录到处理对蚯蚓免疫标志物表达的影响。本文应用的方法学方法为改进纳米材料免疫安全性评估提供了一个有用的框架。此外，我们强调需要将时间作为一个因素来研究蚯蚓对纳米材料暴露的免疫反应。
