Lisiak-Myszke Magdalena, Marciniak Dawid, Bieliński Marek, Sobczak Hanna, Garbacewicz Łukasz, Drogoszewska Barbara
Maxillofacial Surgery Ward, Alfa-Med Medical Center, 85-095 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Manufacturing Technology, UTP University of Science and Technology, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
Materials (Basel). 2020 Jul 9;13(14):3063. doi: 10.3390/ma13143063.
In recent years in the field of biomechanics, the intensive development of various experimental methods has been observed. The implementation of virtual studies that for a long time have been successfully used in technical sciences also represents a new trend in dental engineering. Among these methods, finite element analysis (FEA) deserves special attention. FEA is a method used to analyze stresses and strains in complex mechanical systems. It enables the mathematical conversion and analysis of mechanical properties of a geometric object. Since the mechanical properties of the human skeleton cannot be examined in vivo, a discipline in which FEA has found particular application is oral and maxillofacial surgery. In this review we summarize the application of FEA in particular oral and maxillofacial fields such as traumatology, orthognathic surgery, reconstructive surgery and implantology presented in the current literature. Based on the available literature, we discuss the methodology and results of research where FEA has been used to understand the pathomechanism of fractures, identify optimal osteosynthesis methods, plan reconstructive operations and design intraosseous implants or osteosynthesis elements. As well as indicating the benefits of FEA in mechanical parameter analysis, we also point out the assumptions and simplifications that are commonly used. The understanding of FEA's opportunities and advantages as well as its limitations and main flaws is crucial to fully exploit its potential.
近年来，在生物力学领域，各种实验方法得到了深入发展。长期以来在技术科学中成功应用的虚拟研究的实施，也代表了牙科工程的一种新趋势。在这些方法中，有限元分析（FEA）值得特别关注。有限元分析是一种用于分析复杂机械系统中应力和应变的方法。它能够对几何物体的力学性能进行数学转换和分析。由于人体骨骼的力学性能无法在体内进行检测，有限元分析在其中得到特别应用的一个学科是口腔颌面外科。在本综述中，我们总结了有限元分析在当前文献中呈现的特定口腔颌面领域，如创伤学、正颌外科、重建外科和种植学中的应用。基于现有文献，我们讨论了使用有限元分析来理解骨折的发病机制、确定最佳骨固定方法、规划重建手术以及设计骨内植入物或骨固定元件的研究方法和结果。在指出有限元分析在力学参数分析中的益处的同时，我们还指出了常用的假设和简化。了解有限元分析的机遇和优势以及其局限性和主要缺陷对于充分发挥其潜力至关重要。
