Lüthy R
Medizinische Poliklinik, Universitätsspital Zürich.
Langenbecks Arch Chir. 1988;Suppl 2:47-50.
Epidemiological features of HIV infection and the AIDS pandemic are described in this review. The number of AIDS cases will continue to rise for several years, despite enormous efforts to slow the spread of HIV via sexual and parenteral exposure, since virtually all adult patients who will develop AIDS within the next 3-5 years are already infected. Careful examination of AIDS patients without identified risk factors and results obtained from anonymous testing sites for HIV infection have failed to disclose any new forms of HIV transmission. The risk for health care workers to become infected through occupational exposure appears to be very small (0.1-0.4% per documented parenteral HIV-positive blood exposure). Universal precautions against mucocutaneous blood exposure are likely to reduce this risk even further.
本综述描述了HIV感染和艾滋病大流行的流行病学特征。尽管通过性接触和非肠道接触来减缓HIV传播已付出巨大努力，但艾滋病病例数在未来几年仍将持续上升，因为几乎所有在未来3至5年内会发展为艾滋病的成年患者都已被感染。对无明确危险因素的艾滋病患者进行仔细检查，以及从HIV感染匿名检测点获得的结果，均未发现任何新的HIV传播形式。医护人员通过职业接触而感染的风险似乎非常小（每例经记录的非肠道接触HIV阳性血液暴露的感染率为0.1 - 0.4%）。针对黏膜皮肤血液暴露采取的普遍预防措施可能会进一步降低这种风险。
