, and , three new species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.

Three new arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal species-, and -are described and illustrated. In the field, the three species were associated with roots of (Poaceae), (Poaceae), (Asteraceae), and (Apiaceae) colonizing maritime dunes located along the Mediterranean coast in eastern Spain. The novelty of these species is supported by morphological, molecular, and phylogenetic analyses. Single-species cultures of and were obtained using as a host plant, both forming arbuscular mycorrhizae, whereas single-species cultures from could not be obtained. Spores of usually occur in sporocarps, rarely singly in soil or inside roots. In contrast, only forms single spores in soil and occurs in sporocarps and singly in soil or inside roots. The respective small subunit, internal transcribed spacer, and large subunit (SSU-ITS1-5.8S-ITS2-LSU) nrDNA sequences placed the new species in the genera , and , all of them separated from previously described species.