Kong Yanzhuo, Olejar Kenneth J, On Stephen L W, Chelikani Venkata
Department of Wine, Food and Molecular Biosciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2020 Jul 10;9(7):610. doi: 10.3390/antiox9070610.
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is crucial for food digestion and nutrient absorption in humans. However, the GI tract is usually challenged with oxidative stress that can be induced by various factors, such as exogenous pathogenic microorganisms and dietary alterations. As a part of gut microbiota, spp. play an important role in modulating oxidative stress in cells and tissues, especially in the GI tract. Oxidative stress is linked with excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can be formed by a few enzymes, such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases (NOXs). The redox mechanisms of spp. may contribute to the downregulation of these ROS-forming enzymes. In addition, nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NFE2)-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) are two common transcription factors, through which spp. modulate oxidative stress as well. As oxidative stress is closely associated with inflammation and certain diseases, spp. could potentially be applied for early treatment and amelioration of these diseases, either individually or together with prebiotics. However, further research is required for revealing their mechanisms of action as well as their extensive application in the future.
胃肠道（GI）对人类食物消化和营养吸收至关重要。然而，胃肠道通常面临氧化应激的挑战，氧化应激可由多种因素诱导，如外源致病微生物和饮食改变。作为肠道微生物群的一部分，[具体菌种]在调节细胞和组织尤其是胃肠道中的氧化应激方面发挥着重要作用。氧化应激与过量的活性氧（ROS）有关，ROS可由一些酶如烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸（NADPH）氧化酶（NOXs）形成。[具体菌种]的氧化还原机制可能有助于下调这些产生ROS的酶。此外，核因子红系2（NFE2）相关因子2（Nrf - 2）和核因子κB（NF - κB）是两种常见的转录因子，[具体菌种]也通过它们来调节氧化应激。由于氧化应激与炎症和某些疾病密切相关，[具体菌种]可能单独或与益生元一起用于这些疾病的早期治疗和改善。然而，需要进一步研究以揭示它们的作用机制以及未来的广泛应用。
