Center for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
Sciensano, Chemical and physical Health Risks, J. Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.
Environ Health. 2020 Jul 14;19(1):83. doi: 10.1186/s12940-020-00635-5.
Parabens are a group of esters of para-hydroxybenzoic acid utilized as antimicrobial preservatives in many personal care products. Epidemiological studies regarding the adverse effects of parabens on fetuses are limited. The aim of this study was to determine the association between placental paraben exposure and birth outcomes. We assessed paraben concentrations in placental tissue, which potentially gives a better understanding of fetal exposure than the maternal urinary concentrations which are the current golden standard.
Placental tissue was collected immediately after birth from 142 mother-child pairs from the ENVIRONAGE birth cohort. The placental concentrations of four parabens (methyl (MeP), ethyl (EtP), propyl (PrP), and butyl (BuP)) were determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass-spectrometry. Generalized linear regression models were used to determine the association between paraben exposure levels and birth outcomes.
The geometric means of placental MeP, EtP, PrP, and BuP were 1.84, 2.16, 1.68 and 0.05 ng/g tissue, respectively. The sum of parabens (∑ parabens, including MeP, EtP and PrP) was negatively associated with birth weight in newborn girls (- 166 g, 95% CI: - 322, - 8.6, p = 0.04) after adjustment for a priori selected covariates. The sum of parabens was negatively associated with head circumference (- 0.6 cm, 95% CI: - 1.1, - 0.2, p = 0.008) and borderline associated with birth length (- 0.6 cm, 95% CI:-1.3, 0.1, p = 0.08). In newborn girls the placental concentration of EtP was negatively associated with head circumference (- 0.6 cm, 95% CI:-1.1, - 0.1, p = 0.01) and borderline significantly associated with birth weight and birth length. Lastly, placental EtP and ∑parabens were negatively associated with placental weight in newborn girls but not in newborn boys (- 45.3 g, 95% CI:-86.2, - 4.4, p = 0.03).
The negative association between maternal paraben exposure and birth outcomes warrants further research and follow-up over time to determine long term effects of gestational exposure to parabens.
对羟基苯甲酸酯是一组对羟基苯甲酸的酯类，被用作许多个人护理产品中的抗菌防腐剂。关于对羟基苯甲酸酯对胎儿的不良影响的流行病学研究有限。本研究旨在确定胎盘对羟基苯甲酸酯暴露与出生结局之间的关联。我们评估了胎盘组织中的对羟基苯甲酸酯浓度，这比目前的金标准——母体尿液浓度更能了解胎儿的暴露情况。
从 ENVIRONAGE 出生队列的 142 对母婴中，在分娩后立即采集胎盘组织。通过超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定四种对羟基苯甲酸酯（甲基（MeP）、乙基（EtP）、丙基（PrP）和丁基（BuP））的胎盘浓度。采用广义线性回归模型确定对羟基苯甲酸酯暴露水平与出生结局之间的关联。
胎盘 MeP、EtP、PrP 和 BuP 的几何平均值分别为 1.84、2.16、1.68 和 0.05ng/g 组织。在调整了先验选择的协变量后，对羟基苯甲酸酯总和（包括 MeP、EtP 和 PrP）与新生儿女孩的出生体重呈负相关（-166g，95%CI：-322，-8.6，p=0.04）。对羟基苯甲酸酯总和与头围呈负相关（-0.6cm，95%CI：-1.1，-0.2，p=0.008），与出生长度呈边界相关（-0.6cm，95%CI：-1.3，0.1，p=0.08）。在新生儿女孩中，胎盘 EtP 浓度与头围呈负相关（-0.6cm，95%CI：-1.1，-0.1，p=0.01），与出生体重和出生长度呈边界显著相关。最后，胎盘 EtP 和对羟基苯甲酸酯总和与新生儿女孩的胎盘重量呈负相关，但与新生儿男孩无关（-45.3g，95%CI：-86.2，-4.4，p=0.03）。
母体对羟基苯甲酸酯暴露与出生结局之间的负相关关系需要进一步研究和随时间进行随访，以确定妊娠期接触对羟基苯甲酸酯的长期影响。
