Neves Eduardo Cavalcante das, Pelizzari Charles, Oliveira Romulo Silva de, Kassab Siham, Lucas Kleber Dos Anjos, Carvalho Yuri Karaccas de
Postgraduate Program in Health and Animal Production, Universidade Federal do Acre, Rio Branco, AC, Brazil.
Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Unit, UFAC, Rio Branco, AC, Brazil.
Acta Cir Bras. 2020;35(6):e202000608. doi: 10.1590/s0102-865020200060000008. Epub 2020 Jul 13.
Purpose To develop a 3D anatomical model for teaching canine epidural anesthesia (3DMEA) and to assess its efficacy for teaching and learning prior to the use of live animals. Methods The creation of 3DMEA was based on 3D optical scanning and 3D printing of canine bone pieces of the fifth to the seventh lumbar vertebrae, sacrum and pelvis. A total of 20 male dogs were scheduled for castration. 20 veterinary students watched a video showing epidural anesthesia in dogs before the clinical attempt and were assigned to control or 3DMEA groups. Students in the 3DMEA group trained in the model after the video. For the clinical trial, the epidural procedure was performed by students under the veterinary supervision. When observed the absence of response to nociceptive stimuli, the epidural was considered successful. Then, all students answered a questionnaire evaluating the main difficulty founded in the technique and its degree of difficulty. Results The 3DMEA group reported a lower degree of difficulty to perform the epidural anesthesia technique when compared with the control group (p=0.0037). The 3DMEA reproduced the anatomical structures, allowing the perception of the distance of needle in relation to the iliac prominences during epidural anesthesia. Its mobility allowed simulation of the animal in standing position and sternal recumbency. Conclusion The use of 3DMEA demonstrated greater efficacy in the execution of the technique, being effective in the teaching and learning process before the epidural anesthesia in live animals.
目的 开发一种用于犬硬膜外麻醉教学的三维解剖模型（3DMEA），并在使用活体动物之前评估其教学效果。方法 3DMEA的创建基于对犬第五至第七腰椎、骶骨和骨盆骨块的三维光学扫描和三维打印。共有20只雄性犬计划进行去势手术。20名兽医专业学生在临床尝试前观看了一段犬硬膜外麻醉的视频，并被分为对照组或3DMEA组。3DMEA组的学生在观看视频后在模型上进行训练。在临床试验中，硬膜外操作由学生在兽医监督下进行。当观察到对伤害性刺激无反应时，硬膜外麻醉被认为成功。然后，所有学生回答一份问卷，评估该技术中发现的主要困难及其难度程度。结果 与对照组相比，3DMEA组报告的硬膜外麻醉技术操作难度较低（p = 0.0037）。3DMEA再现了解剖结构，使人们能够在硬膜外麻醉期间感知针与髂嵴的距离。其可移动性允许模拟动物的站立位和胸卧位。结论 使用3DMEA在该技术的实施中显示出更高的效果，在活体动物硬膜外麻醉前的教学过程中是有效的。
