Epidemiology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
Centre for Environmental Health and Prevention, Regional Agency for Prevention, Environment and Energy of Emilia-Romagna, Modena, Italy.
Environ Res. 2020 Jul;186:109564. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109564. Epub 2020 Apr 23.
BACKGROUND/AIM: The aim of the present study was to assess the association between PM, its sources, and preterm birth (PTB), low birth weight (LBW), and small for gestational age (SGA) in a large open residential cohort (Supersito Project in the Emilia-Romagna Region - Northern Italy).
We collected 2012-2014 pregnancy and childbirth data from Birth Assistance Certificates and selected the pregnancies of interest. PTBs (gestational age < 37 weeks), LBW (weight < 2500 g), and SGA (newborns weighing ≤ 10th age and pregnancy week-specific percentile) were considered. Three-year measurements of daily concentrations and constituents of PM were available at four sites and were analyzed through a source apportionment approach identifying 6 sources (traffic, biomass burning, oil combustion, anthropogenic mix, and two secondary factors). Exposure to PM and sources was calculated at address level. Using logistic regression models, associations between exposure and outcomes were derived, applying single-pollutant and two-pollutant models, to verify the independent effect of each source.
The study included 23,708 neonates born to 23,415 women, among whom 1,311 PTB, 424 LBW, and 1,354 SGA occurred. PTB was the only outcome associated with PM mass (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.002-1.058 per 1 μg/m). Traffic, oil combustion and secondary sulfates and organics showed independent effects on PTB. Exposure to secondary nitrates was associated with a lower risk of PTB. There was no association between LBW or SGA and source-specific PM components or the residual PM related to all other sources.
This study found an association between PTB and PM. Traffic, secondary sulfates, and organic and oil combustion were the sources with most consistent association.
背景/目的：本研究旨在评估在意大利北部艾米利亚-罗马涅地区（意大利北部）的大型开放式居民队列（Supersito 项目）中，PM 及其来源与早产（PTB）、低出生体重（LBW）和小于胎龄儿（SGA）之间的关联。
我们从分娩援助证书中收集了 2012-2014 年的妊娠和分娩数据，并选择了感兴趣的妊娠。PTB（妊娠周龄 <37 周）、LBW（体重 <2500g）和 SGA（新生儿体重≤第 10 个年龄和妊娠周特定百分位数）被认为是有问题的。在四个地点，可用为期三年的 PM 日浓度和成分测量值，并通过源分配方法进行分析，确定了 6 个来源（交通、生物质燃烧、石油燃烧、人为混合和两个二次因素）。在地址级别计算 PM 和来源的暴露量。使用逻辑回归模型，根据单污染物和双污染物模型，推导暴露与结局之间的关联，以验证每个来源的独立影响。
该研究包括 23415 名妇女所生的 23708 名新生儿，其中 1311 例 PTB、424 例 LBW 和 1354 例 SGA。PTB 是唯一与 PM 质量相关的结局（每增加 1μg/m 时 OR 1.03，95%CI 1.002-1.058）。交通、石油燃烧和二次硫酸盐和有机物对 PTB 有独立影响。暴露于二次硝酸盐与 PTB 风险降低有关。LBW 或 SGA 与特定于源的 PM 成分或与所有其他来源相关的残留 PM 之间没有关联。
本研究发现 PTB 与 PM 之间存在关联。交通、二次硫酸盐和有机物以及石油燃烧是与关联最一致的来源。
