Balidemaj Festina, Flanagan Erin, Malmqvist Ebba, Rittner Ralf, Källén Karin, Åström Daniel Oudin, Oudin Anna
Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 222 42 Lund, Sweden.
Sustainable Health, Department for Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
Toxics. 2022 Jul 1;10(7):366. doi: 10.3390/toxics10070366.
While prenatal exposure to ambient air pollution has been shown to be associated with reduced birth weight, there is substantial heterogeneity across studies, and few epidemiological studies have utilized source-specific exposure data. The aim of the present study was, therefore, to investigate the associations between local, source-specific exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) during pregnancy and birth weight. An administrative cohort comprising 40,245 singleton births from 2000 to 2009 in Scania, Sweden, was combined with data on relevant covariates. Investigated sources of PM2.5 included all local sources together as well as tailpipe exhaust, vehicle wear-and-tear, and small-scale residential heating separately. The relationships between these exposures, represented as interquartile range (IQR) increases, and birth weight (continuous) and low birth weight (LBW; <2500 g) were analyzed in crude and adjusted models. Each local PM2.5 source investigated was associated with reduced birth weight; average decreases varied by source (12−34 g). Only small-scale residential heating was clearly associated with LBW (adjusted odds ratio: 1.14 (95% confidence interval: 1.04−1.26) per IQR increase). These results add to existing evidence that prenatal exposure to ambient air pollution disrupts fetal growth and suggest that PM2.5 from both vehicles and small-scale residential heating may reduce birth weight.
虽然已有研究表明，孕期暴露于环境空气污染与出生体重降低有关，但不同研究之间存在很大的异质性，而且很少有流行病学研究使用特定来源的暴露数据。因此，本研究的目的是调查孕期局部、特定来源的细颗粒物（PM2.5）暴露与出生体重之间的关联。将瑞典斯科讷地区2000年至2009年的40245例单胎出生的管理队列与相关协变量数据相结合。所调查的PM2.5来源包括所有本地来源，以及排气管尾气、车辆磨损和小规模住宅供暖。在粗模型和调整模型中分析了这些暴露（以四分位间距（IQR）增加表示）与出生体重（连续变量）和低出生体重（LBW；<2500 g）之间的关系。所调查的每个本地PM2.5来源都与出生体重降低有关；平均降低幅度因来源而异（12 - 34 g）。只有小规模住宅供暖与低出生体重有明显关联（每IQR增加的调整优势比：1.14（95%置信区间：1.04 - 1.26））。这些结果进一步证明了孕期暴露于环境空气污染会干扰胎儿生长，并表明来自车辆和小规模住宅供暖的PM2.5可能会降低出生体重。
