Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Nat Nanotechnol. 2020 Aug;15(8):646-655. doi: 10.1038/s41565-020-0737-y. Epub 2020 Jul 15.
The COVID-19 pandemic has infected millions of people with no clear signs of abatement owing to the high prevalence, long incubation period and lack of established treatments or vaccines. Vaccines are the most promising solution to mitigate new viral strains. The genome sequence and protein structure of the 2019-novel coronavirus (nCoV or SARS-CoV-2) were made available in record time, allowing the development of inactivated or attenuated viral vaccines along with subunit vaccines for prophylaxis and treatment. Nanotechnology benefits modern vaccine design since nanomaterials are ideal for antigen delivery, as adjuvants, and as mimics of viral structures. In fact, the first vaccine candidate launched into clinical trials is an mRNA vaccine delivered via lipid nanoparticles. To eradicate pandemics, present and future, a successful vaccine platform must enable rapid discovery, scalable manufacturing and global distribution. Here, we review current approaches to COVID-19 vaccine development and highlight the role of nanotechnology and advanced manufacturing.
由于高流行率、长潜伏期以及缺乏既定的治疗方法或疫苗，COVID-19 大流行已经感染了数百万人，且没有明显的缓解迹象。疫苗是缓解新病毒株的最有希望的解决方案。2019 年新型冠状病毒（nCoV 或 SARS-CoV-2）的基因组序列和蛋白质结构在创纪录的时间内公布，这使得开发灭活或减毒病毒疫苗以及预防和治疗用亚单位疫苗成为可能。纳米技术有益于现代疫苗设计，因为纳米材料是理想的抗原传递载体、佐剂和病毒结构模拟物。事实上，第一个进入临床试验的疫苗候选者是一种通过脂质纳米粒传递的 mRNA 疫苗。为了消除目前和未来的大流行，一个成功的疫苗平台必须能够实现快速发现、可扩展的制造和全球分发。在这里，我们回顾了 COVID-19 疫苗开发的当前方法，并强调了纳米技术和先进制造的作用。
